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	<title>Klaus Rummler &#124; Klaus Rummler</title>
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	<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de</link>
	<description>My Media Education Culture site (plus a bit of tech talk)</description>
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		<title>Infografiken im Unterricht &#8211; Infographics in school</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2013/03/14/infographics-in-school/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2013/03/14/infographics-in-school/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2013 18:29:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infografiken]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infopraphics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mediendidaktik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Schulwandbilder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Schulwandtafeln]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualisierung]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=795</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Viele Projekte in Schulen und im Unterricht haben zum Ziel, ein Poster zu gestalten. Dabei wird anch wie vor uns in Zeiten digitaler Medien zu Schere und Klebstoff gegriffen, Zeitungsartikel und Fotos ausgeschnitten, auf Packpapier geklebt und mit dicken Stiften Text dazu geschrieben. Diese Poster hängen dann monatelang im Klassenzimmer. &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Viele Projekte in Schulen und im Unterricht haben zum Ziel, ein Poster zu gestalten. Dabei wird anch wie vor uns in Zeiten digitaler Medien zu Schere und Klebstoff gegriffen, Zeitungsartikel und Fotos ausgeschnitten, auf Packpapier geklebt und mit dicken Stiften Text dazu geschrieben. Diese Poster hängen dann monatelang im Klassenzimmer. Wir kennen das und wir kennen vor allem den Eindruck, den dieses meist recht unschöne Bild hinterlässt.<br />
Das andere Szenario sind Schulwandbilder bzw. Schulwandtafeln (<a title="Schulwandtafeln" href="https://www.google.ch/search?q=Schulwandtafeln&amp;hl=de&amp;newwindow=1&amp;safe=off&amp;source=lnms&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=dPtBUYG-BYnEPcDjgeAM&amp;ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&amp;biw=1676&amp;bih=861" target="_blank">siehe hier</a>). Wir kennen diese grossen Leinwände, die zwischen zwei Holzstangen befestigt, an eine speziellen Ständer aufgehängt werden. Dort sind Prozesse und Zusammenhänge in Bildern und Text erklärt (bspw. Evolution seit der Kreidezeit) oder Sammlungen bestimmter ähnlicher Dinge aufgeführt (bspw. Vögel im Wald). Diese Schulwandbilder sind bald alle aus den Schulen verschwunden.</p>
<p>Der Hinweis ist: Macht Euer eigenes Schulwandbild, oder: Macht endlich schöne Poster, macht digitale Poster, macht etwas nachhaltiges, von dem auch Schüler etwas haben und das nicht in nur der Schule selbst etwas nützt! Das Stichwort ist: <em><strong>Infografiken oder Infographics </strong></em><a href="https://www.google.ch/search?q=infographics&amp;hl=de&amp;newwindow=1&amp;safe=off&amp;source=lnms&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=H_w-UeelC4mkPdmTgYAH&amp;ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&amp;biw=1676&amp;bih=888" target="_blank">(hier einige Beispiele)<strong></strong></a><em><strong><br />
</strong></em></p>
<p><strong>Zentrale Features von Infographics:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Vektorgrafiken: In der Regel werden Infografiken als Vektorgrafiken erstellt und sind damit verlustfrei skalierbar. Das heisst, es sind keine Rastergrafiken und nicht abhängig von einer Auflösung (dpi). Daduch sind die Dateigrössen recht klein, sie lassen sich sowohl auf Websites einbinden, als auch auf grosse Banner und Poster ausdrucken.</li>
<li>Online erstellbar: Für Infografiken braucht man auf dem eigenen Rechner keine spezielle Software. Man kann sie per online Services erstellen und teilen (siehe Liste unten). Es genügt eine Internetverbindung und ein Browser. Sicher ist ein grosser Monitor sinnvoll und sicher ist bestimmte Software auf dem eigenen Rechner zusätzlich nützlich (siehe Liste unten).</li>
<li>Infografiken kann man durch zusätzlichen eigenen Inhalt anreichern: Man kann eigene Fotos einbinden und eigene Grafiken einbinden.</li>
<li>Eigene Datenauswertungen visualisieren: Visualierung von Daten ist schwierig und häufig wünscht man sich andere Darstellungsweisen als die gewohnten Diagramme. Auch dafür gibt es online Tools, die erstaunliche Grafiken hervorbringen. (siehe Liste unten)</li>
<li>Alles gratis: Die hier erwähnten Tools und Software ist kostenlos. Damit entsteht eine notwendige Niederschwelligkeit, um auch in weniger gut ausgestatteten Kontexten ebenso gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Die Frage ist damit auch, ob mit Infografiken in Schule und Unterricht &#8211; wenn diese dann auch wieder online geteilt werden &#8211; gleichzeitig Open Educational Resources (OER) entstehen. Ich meine, dass mit diesen Lerner-generierten Lehr-/Lernmitteln Open Educational Resources entstehen, mit denen sich die Medienpädagogik gezielt auseinandersetzen sollte.</li>
</ul>
<p>Hier sind einige Tools, die Lehrer den Schülern empfehlen können, um Infografiken selbst zu machen.</p>
<p><strong>Umfangreiche online Tools zur Erstellung komplexer Infografiken:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="easel.ly" href="http://www.easel.ly/" target="_blank">http://www.easel.ly ::<strong> &#8220;create and share visual ideas online&#8221;</strong></a></li>
<li><a title="piktochart.com" href="http://piktochart.com/" target="_blank">http://piktochart.com :: <strong>&#8220;Color your stories&#8221;</strong></a></li>
<li><a title="visual.ly" href="http://create.visual.ly/" target="_blank">http://create.visual.ly :: <strong>&#8220;Create Infographics&#8221;</strong></a></li>
<li><a title="infogr.am" href="http://infogr.am" target="_blank">http://infogr.am :: <strong>&#8220;Create interactive infographics&#8221;</strong></a></li>
<li><a title="popplet.com" href="http://popplet.com/" target="_blank">http://popplet.com :: <strong>simple, easy, lighweight</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Infografiken über das eigene Erscheinen im Internet:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="What about me?" href="http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/what-about-me/what-about-me.html" target="_blank"> http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/what-about-me/what-about-me.html :: <strong>&#8220;What about me?&#8221;</strong></a></li>
<li><a title="vizualize.me" href="http://vizualize.me/" target="_blank">http://vizualize.me/ :: <strong>vizualize.me</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Online Zeichenprogramme für freies arbeiten mit wenig fertigen Elementen:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.splashup.com/" target="_blank">http://www.splashup.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sumo.fm/#create" target="_blank">http://sumo.fm/#create</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mudcu.be/sketchpad/" target="_blank">http://mudcu.be/sketchpad/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pixlr.com" target="_blank">http://pixlr.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://support.google.com/drive/bin/topic.py?hl=en&amp;topic=1360903" target="_blank">Google Drawing in Google Drive: http://support.google.com/drive/bin/topic.py?hl=en&amp;topic=1360903</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Themenspezifische Infografiken und Elemente von Infografiken</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Statistiken über Fotos (Apps für Android und iOS)</strong></p>
<ul style="padding-left: 30px;">
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mariusSoft.InFotoFree" target="_blank">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mariusSoft.InFotoFree :: <strong>InFoto Free &#8211; Android Photo Infographic Generator</strong></a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.photostatsapp.com" target="_blank">http://www.photostatsapp.com</a> :: <strong>iOS</strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Text visualisieren</strong></p>
<ul style="padding-left: 30px;">
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://wordle.net" target="_blank">http://wordle.net</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.tagxedo.com" target="_blank">http://www.tagxedo.com</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Mit Zeitleisten arbeiten<br />
</strong></p>
<ul style="padding-left: 30px;">
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.dipity.com" target="_blank">http://www.dipity.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://timeline.verite.co/" target="_blank">http://timeline.verite.co/</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Daten visualisieren, Diagramme erstellen</strong></p>
<ul style="padding-left: 30px;">
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.icharts.net" target="_blank">http://www.icharts.net</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="https://venngage.com" target="_blank">https://venngage.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.gliffy.com" target="_blank">http://www.gliffy.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.gapminder.org" target="_blank">http://www.gapminder.org</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.statsilk.com" target="_blank">http://www.statsilk.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://creately.com" target="_blank">http://creately.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://charts.hohli.com" target="_blank">http://charts.hohli.com</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www-958.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/manyeyes/" target="_blank">http://www-958.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/manyeyes/</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://www.google.com/publicdata/directory" target="_blank">http://www.google.com/publicdata/directory</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Offline Software </strong>(Open Source; für alle gängigen Betriebssysteme Mac, Win, Lin)</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://inkscape.org/" target="_blank">http://inkscape.org :: <strong>Inkscape</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="http://gimp.org/" target="_blank">http://gimp.org :: <strong>The Gimp</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Tutorials und Anleitungen für Infografiken im Unterricht</strong> (in Englisch)</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://langwitches.org/blog/2011/09/06/creating-infographics-with-students/" target="_blank">http://langwitches.org/blog/2011/09/06/creating-infographics-with-students/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://insidetheclassroomoutsidethebox.wordpress.com/2012/08/12/creating-and-using-infographics-in-the-elementary-classroom/" target="_blank">http://insidetheclassroomoutsidethebox.wordpress.com/2012/08/12/creating-and-using-infographics-in-the-elementary-classroom/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.schrockguide.net/infographics-as-an-assessment.html" target="_blank">http://www.schrockguide.net/infographics-as-an-assessment.html</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Nützliche oder Eindrucksvolle Beispiele</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://flowingdata.com/category/visualization/infographics/" target="_blank">http://flowingdata.com/category/visualization/infographics/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.coolinfographics.com/blog/tag/schools" target="_blank">http://www.coolinfographics.com/blog/tag/schools</a></li>
</ul>

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		<title>Out now: Potentials for media education of at-risk learners</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/12/19/out-now-potentials-for-media-education-of-at-risk-learners/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/12/19/out-now-potentials-for-media-education-of-at-risk-learners/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 2012 19:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=765</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Potentials for media education of at-risk learners An analysis of the use of mobile and networked technologies by male adolescents and the potentials for media education inherent in these usage patterns Klaus Rummler, 2012 The central concern of this book is the media education and support of young people, particularly &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/12/Cover_Klaus_front.png"><img class="size-medium wp-image-763 alignleft" style="border: 0px none; margin: 20px;" title="Cover Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/12/Cover_Klaus_front-212x300.png" alt="Cover Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern" width="212" height="300" /></a></p>
<h1><a title="Potentials for media education of at-risk learners" href="http://risikolerner.de/" rel="home">Potentials for media education of at-risk learners</a></h1>
<hgroup><strong>An analysis of the use of mobile and networked technologies by male adolescents and the potentials for media education inherent in these usage patterns</strong></hgroup>
<hgroup></hgroup>
<hgroup>Klaus Rummler, 2012</hgroup>
<p lang="en-GB">The central concern of this book is the media education and support of young people, particularly boys, from problem families or with disadvantaged socio-cultural backgrounds, the so-called new underclass or secondary school students, respectively. Those learners often do not meet the requirements for a qualifying degree, lack basic skills in terms of the PISA studies, have a rejective and distant attitude towards school or have a difficult socio-economic background. The concept of “at-risk learners” tries to grasp this group, which are mostly boys and often from migrant backgrounds. The approach and the question of at-risk learners opens the view and reveals skills and cultural resources, with which at-risk learners manage to use media in a self-directed and reflective way for their own personal development and their coping with everyday life (Niesyto, 2010, p. 315).</p>
<p lang="en-GB">The central theme and task of this book is to outline educational opportunities within the media usage patterns of at-risk learners. From a theoretical perspective, the question is, how and by which patterns at-risk learners appropriate media as cultural objects. Linked to the idea of education (German: <em>Bildung</em>), the pedagogically guiding question is: How are the development and thus the learning processes of at-risk learners connected with their patterns of media usage and media appropriation?</p>
<p lang="en-GB">The question regarding opportunities for media education of at-risk learners is founded on the theory of media education (German: <em>Medienbildung</em>) and the approach of Socio-Cultural Ecology, which was developed by the London Mobile Learning Group (LMLG; <a title="London Mobile Learning Group" href="http://www.londonmobilelearning.net" target="_blank">www.londonmobilelearning.net</a>) (Pachler, Bachmair, &amp; Cook, 2010). Based on these two theories, this book tries to position the group of at-risk learners in the context of lifeworld and life situations and to classify this specific group of learners with reference to individual, educational, and social risks.</p>
<p lang="en-GB">The gender perspective reveals certain patterns of appropriation associated with specific media and allows for educational opportunities for boys to be formulated more precisely. A key result concerning new developments in boys&#8217; everyday life is the dissolution of hegemonic masculinity and its transformation to multi-optional and situated masculinities that must be balanced by boys.</p>
<p lang="en-GB">The analysis of social structures serves as a methodological approach to systematically identify at-risk learners within society. It helps to appropriately describe social segmentation by using the results of the analysis concerning media use and coping strategies with everyday life. This media education research is a reconstruction of media use based on trails of articulation and appropriation processes, as they are represented in the consumption data. Thus, the underlying acquisitive patterns as well as the inherent educational opportunities are revealed.</p>
<p lang="en-GB">In the perspective of social and aesthetic structures, at-risk learners are characterized by a rather hedonistic and resistive lifestyle, socially disadvantaged backgrounds, and active risk-taking. Furthermore, their patterns of media usage are opposed to formal forms of school learning. The key findings and thus opportunities for media education of at-risk learners are to be found in three clusters of media use patterns: the downloading, storing, and exchanging of a variety of media and file formats; (mobile) gaming; the producing and processing of a variety of audio and visual material. These patterns are linked to three considerable educational opportunities: at-risk learner-generated alternative spaces of media education that are structurally set against the learning environment <em>school</em> and its specific forms of appropriation and learning; communicative organization of their own everyday life and media use; the generation of digital collections and archives as personal property.</p>
<p>ISBN: 978-3-00-040452-8<br />
ISBN-A: 10.978.300/0404528<br />
doi: dx.doi.org/10.978.300/0404528</p>
<p>Fulltext as PDF:<br />
<a href="https://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264/3/DissertationKlausRummler.pdf" target="_blank">urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264</a></p>

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		<title>Neu erschienen: Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/12/19/neu-erschienen-medienbildungschancen-von-risikolernern/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/12/19/neu-erschienen-medienbildungschancen-von-risikolernern/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 2012 18:57:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sociology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=762</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern Eine Analyse der Nutzung mobiler und vernetzter Technologien durch männliche jugendliche Risikolerner und die in den Nutzungsmustern angelegten Chancen für MedienbildungKlaus Rummler, 2012 &#160; &#160; &#160; Die medienpädagogische Förderung junger Menschen aus problematischen Familien, sozio-kulturellen Problemlagen, der sogenannten neuen Unterschicht bzw. die Förderung von Hauptschülern, insbesondere Jungen, &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/12/Cover_Klaus_front.png"><img class="size-medium wp-image-763 alignleft" style="margin: 20px; border: 0px none;" title="Cover Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/12/Cover_Klaus_front-212x300.png" alt="Cover Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern" width="212" height="300" /></a></p>
<h1><a title="Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern" href="http://risikolerner.de/" rel="home">Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern</a></h1>
<hgroup><strong>Eine Analyse der Nutzung mobiler und vernetzter Technologien durch männliche jugendliche Risikolerner und die in den Nutzungsmustern angelegten Chancen für Medienbildung</strong>Klaus Rummler, 2012</hgroup>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Die medienpädagogische Förderung junger Menschen aus problematischen Familien, sozio-kulturellen Problemlagen, der sogenannten neuen Unterschicht bzw. die Förderung von Hauptschülern, insbesondere Jungen, ist das zentrale Anliegen dieses Buches. Das sind diejenigen Lerner, die die Anforderungen für einen qualifizierten Schulabschluss, die Basiskompetenzen im Sinne der PISA-Studien, nicht oder kaum erfüllen, Distanz zur Schule haben bzw. aus schwierigen sozio-ökonomischen Bevölkerungsgruppen stammen. Diese Gruppe, meist Jungen, häufig mit Migrationshintergrund, versucht der Begriff <em>Risikolerner</em> zu fassen. Die Frage nach Risikolernern eröffnet die Perspektive auf Kompetenzen und kulturelle Ressourcen, mit denen es Risikolernern gelingt, Medien selbstbestimmt und reflexiv für die eigene Persönlichkeitsentwicklung sowie Lebens- und Alltagsbewältigung aktiv zu nutzen (Niesyto, 2010, S. 315).</p>
<p>Zentrales Thema und Fragestellung dieses Buches ist, welche Bildungschancen in den Mediennutzungsmustern der Risikolerner stecken. Aus theoretischer Perspektive geht es um die Frage, wie und mit welchen Mustern sich Risikolerner Medien als Kulturgüter aneignen. Die pädagogische Leitfrage, die an den Gedanken der Bildung geknüpft ist, lautet, wie die Entwicklung und damit das Lernen der Risikolerner mit ihren Mediennutzungsmustern, also ihren Aneignungsmustern in Bezug auf Medien, verbunden ist. Die medienpädagogische Frage nach den Chancen für Medienbildung von Risikolernern fundiert auf der Theorie der Medienbildung und auf dem kulturtheoretischen Modell der Sozio-kulturellen Ökologie, wie sie von der London Mobile Learning Group (LMLG; www.londonmobilelearning.net) entwickelt wurde (Pachler, Bachmair, &amp; Cook, 2010). Auf der Grundlage dieser Theorien verortet diese Arbeit die Gruppe der Risikolerner im Zusammenhang von Lebenswelt und Lebenslagen und ordnet diese spezifische Gruppe von Lernern mit Bezug auf individuelle, schulische und gesellschaftliche Risiken ein.<br />
Die Gender-Perspektive öffnet den Blick für bestimmte jungenspezifische Aneignungsmuster im Zusammenhang mit Medien und eröffnet im nächsten Schritt die Möglichkeit, Bildungschancen speziell für Jungen zu formulieren. Ein genderbezogener Entwicklungsprozess, der die Lebenswelt der Jungen betrifft, ist die Auflösung hegemonialer Männlichkeit und die Transformation hin zu multioptionalen und situierten Männlichkeiten, die es von Jungen auszubalancieren gilt.</p>
<p>Die Sozialstrukturanalyse der Soziologie dient als methodischer Zugang, um Risikolerner systematisch zu identifizieren und um mithilfe der sozialen Segmentierung entsprechende Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Mediennutzung und Alltagsbewältigung zu formulieren. Diese medienpädagogische Forschung ist eine Rekonstruktion der Mediennutzung über die Spuren der Artikulation und Aneignung, wie sie in den Konsumdaten repräsentiert sind, mit dem Ziel, die Aneignungsprozesse und die darin inhärenten Bildungschancen sichtbar zu machen.</p>
<p>Risikolerner sind in der Perspektive gesellschaftlicher und alltagsästhetischer Strukturen ein eher hedonistischer, widerständiger Lifestyle, geprägt von sozialer Benachteiligung und von aktivem Risikoverhalten sowie von einer Mediennutzung, die schulischen Aneignungsformen eher entgegengesetzt ist. Die zentralen Ergebnisse und damit Chancen für Medienbildung der Risikolerner entstehen in drei Bereichen der Mediennutzungsmuster: im Downloaden, Speichern und Tauschen vielfältiger Formate; im (mobilen) Gaming; sowie vielfältigen Produzieren und Verarbeiten von auditivem und visuellem Material. Mit diesen Mustern sind drei bedeutsame Bildungschancen verknüpft: durch Risikolerner generierte alternative Räume der Medienbildung, die strukturell entgegen der Lernwelt <em>Schule</em> ausgerichtet sind; das kommunikative Organisieren des Alltags und der Mediennutzung; sowie das Generieren von digitalen Sammlungen und Archiven als persönlicher Besitz.</p>
<p>ISBN: 978-3-00-040452-8<br />
ISBN-A: 10.978.300/0404528<br />
doi: dx.doi.org/10.978.300/0404528</p>
<p>Volltext als PDF:<br />
<a href="https://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264/3/DissertationKlausRummler.pdf" target="_blank">urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264</a></p>
<hgroup></hgroup>

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		<title>[Updated:] Review of the some current online video editors</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/25/review-of-the-some-current-online-video-editors/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/25/review-of-the-some-current-online-video-editors/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2012 13:42:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[authorship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collaboration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corel ChopChop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[creaza]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTML5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kaltura]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medienpädagogik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mixmoov]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moviemasher]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mozilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[popcorn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[remix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stoome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stupeflix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[video editor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wevideo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[YouTube]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=707</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The following is a review of some current online video editors that are actually working. My review focuses on usability and collaborativity. As online video in the form of user-generated content and contexts is becoming more and more important it seems necessary that editing videos is also possible in collaborative &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The following is a review of some current online video editors that are actually working. My review focuses on usability and collaborativity. As online video in the form of user-generated content and contexts is becoming more and more important it seems necessary that editing videos is also possible in collaborative contexts. This includes editing a video with friends who contributed in some sense to the shooting but also allowing for the contribution of clips, bits, and pieces to a certain video in order to create a new remix. Thus I will not exactly list every technical feature of all editors as many of them already offer most features of offline non-linear editors like multiple video and audio tracks, uploading audio and pictures as well as transitions and various effects.<br />
I will not review <a title="YouTube editor" href="http://www.youtube.com/editor" target="_blank">YouTube&#8217;s editor</a> as it only edits its own videos besides other minor objections, neither will I mention <a title="Animoto.com" href="http://www.Animoto.com" target="_blank">Animoto.com</a> as it is only a slideshow generator and not a genuine video editor.</p>
<h1>Popcorn Maker</h1>
<p><a title="Mozilla Popcorn Maker" href="http://mozillapopcorn.org/popcorn-maker/" target="_blank">http://mozillapopcorn.org/popcorn-maker/</a></p>
<p>I like popcorn!  That is <a title="Mozilla Popcorn.js" href="http://popcornjs.org/" target="_blank">Mozilla&#8217;s Popcorn.js</a>, a JavaScript event framework for HTML5 media and the according upcoming video editor &#8216;Popcorn Maker&#8217;.</p>
<p><iframe class="iframe-template" src="http://popcorn.webmadecontent.org/r7_" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen="" width="560" height="358"></iframe></p>
<p>Popcorn Maker is an HTML5 video editor with all those features like annotations, subtitling&#8230; I&#8217;ve already linked to some HTML5 basics <a title="Things you can do with HTML5" href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/08/things-you-can-do-with-html5/" target="_blank">here</a> and <a title="Visualisations of text" href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/30/visualisations-of-text/" target="_blank">here</a> . But Popcorn Maker offers al lot more like basic templates including the integration of GoogleMaps or Wikipedia. Just try for yourself: <a title="Popcorn Maker" href="https://popcorn.webmaker.org/templates/basic/" target="_blank">https://popcorn.webmaker.org/templates/basic/</a></p>
<p>Please support Mozilla&#8217;s Popcorn project. It is open source and worth to be implemented in educational contexts. The demos at <a title="Popcorn demos" href="http://popcornjs.org/demos" target="_blank">http://popcornjs.org/demos</a> demonstrate that the popcorn engine is much more powerful than just editing videos.</p>
<h1>kaltura.org</h1>
<p><a title="Kaltura.org" href="http://www.kaltura.org" target="_blank">http://www.kaltura.org</a></p>
<p>&#8230;provides a whole open source media asset management framework. It comes with a storyboard based editor (standard edition) and an advanced timeline based editor. Kaltura.org and moviemasher (see below) are usually not directed towards the common user as it is intended to be installed on a server in a complex media environment.<br />
Still collaborativity is not (yet) a hot issue for kaltura.org as this feature is not implemented. I am listing kaltura.org and moviemasher.com here as they are currently the only complete and open source framework providing an inline video editor including some HTML5 features in the case of kaltura.org.<br />
Nevertheless the commercial parent <a title="kaltura.com" href="http://www.kaltura.com" target="_blank">kaltura.com</a> offers a free trial with 10GB of storage. SO you may try for yourselves.<br />
As for the readability of the kaltura.org editor I am wondering why the application always opens in a lightbox and why the typography within the editor always looks a bit scaled down, unclear and fuzzy. Those are clear development opportunities.</p>
<p>You can also try the kaltura.org video editor at <a title="Mixmoov" href="http://www.mixmoov-studio.com" target="_blank">http://www.mixmoov-studio.com</a> or at <a title="Stroome" href="http://www.stroome.com" target="_blank">http://www.stroome.com</a></p>
<h1>stroome.com</h1>
<p><a title="Stroome" href="http://www.stroome.com" target="_blank">http://www.stroome.com</a></p>
<p>&#8230;implemented kaltura.org on their servers and offer a free trial access. Upon login you can see and use the kaltura.org advanced timeline based video editor which is basically a Flex / Flash application launched in a lightbox. Stroome.com tries to implement collaboration by allowing for the remix of your own uploaded videos or search and use videos from metacafe.<br />
As for collaboration the display page shows the number of clips used in a project (video) as well as the number of times the resp. video was used in other remixes. On the display page below the video player stroome.com shows snapshots of the clips that were used in this remix. See an example at <a title="stroome.com example" href="http://www.stroome.com/projects/42262" target="_blank">http://www.stroome.com/projects/42262</a>. This display could be enhanced by showing the source clips in the correct order as it was used in the remix as well as the names of the users whose clips were used.</p>
<div id="attachment_733" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 691px"><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/stroome.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-733" title="stroome" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/stroome.png" alt="stroome" width="681" height="237" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Screen taken from http://www.stroome.com/projects/42262</p></div>
<p>The overall impression is that the site could be a lot more self explanatory. This includes filtering the search results as well as the whole editing process.</p>
<h1>wevideo.com</h1>
<p><a title="wevideo" href="http://www.wevideo.com" target="_blank">http://www.wevideo.com</a></p>
<p>The Norwegian company <a title="inspera.no" href="http://www.inspera.no" target="_blank">inspera.no</a> founded wevideo.com and is an active player in the educational market for a couple of years. First screens of their video editor were found on the website <a title="creaza" href="http://www.creazaeducation.com" target="_blank">http://www.creazaeducation.com</a> which is directed towards educational contexts. Meanwhile Creaza features 4 SaaS products (Software as a Service) namely <a title="creazaeducation.com/mindomo" href="http://www.creazaeducation.com/mindomo" target="_blank">http://www.creazaeducation.com/mindomo</a> a mind mapping tool, <a title="creazaeducation.com/cartoonist" href="http://www.creazaeducation.com/cartoonist" target="_blank">http://www.creazaeducation.com/cartoonist</a> a cartoon studio, <a title="creazaeducation.com/audioeditor" href="http://www.creazaeducation.com/audioeditor" target="_blank">http://www.creazaeducation.com/audioeditor</a> an audio editor and <a title="creazaeducation.com/movieeditor" href="http://www.creazaeducation.com/movieeditor" target="_blank">http://www.creazaeducation.com/movieeditor</a> which is also the core of <a title="wevideo.com" href="http://www.wevideo.com" target="_blank">wevideo.com</a>.</p>
<p><img title="Creaza" src="http://www.creazaeducation.com/file/ci/3560758/01.jpg" alt="Creaza products" width="960" height="540" /></p>
<p>The video editor itself can be tested on wevideo.com with a free trial login providing 1Gb free storage for videos and images.<br />
In the dashboard of wevideo.com you can manage your projects, export videos and invite contributors to your projects by email or by direct invitation to existing users. As for collaboration wevideo.com does not truly offer to commonly work on the same project, but once you have been invited to a project you can use this a starting point. Upon editing and saving an existing project you will be asked for a new project title which leads to a separate project in your dashboard.<br />
The overall impression of the Flex / Flash based wevideo.com editor is very promising. It offers the very most of the features a consumer could wish for. Eventually it would be great to see some showcases of wevideo and Creaza in educational contexts, some work flows and pricings for schools.</p>
<h1>MovieMasher</h1>
<p><a title="Moviemasher" href="http://www.moviemasher.com" target="_blank">http://www.moviemasher.com</a></p>
<p>Moviemasher is an Open Source online video editor that has been under development for quite some time. It does not support collaborativity but I am listing it here because each time I tested it on my own server it just worked! The demos at <a title="Moviemasher demos" href="http://www.moviemasher.com/demo/" target="_blank">http://www.moviemasher.com/demo/</a> show that the video editor offers the very most features including video manipulation as colour etc.</p>
<h1>stupeflix.com</h1>
<p><a title="stupeflix.com" href="http://www.stupeflix.com" target="_blank">http://www.stupeflix.com</a></p>
<p>The Paris based company <a title="stupeflix.com" href="http://www.stupeflix.com" target="_blank">stupeflix.com</a> offers a very simple but yet powerful video editor. At the moment stupeflix does not offer collaboration features but this might show up in the future. I am listing stupeflix.com here as they offer a free login to their editor which is rather standard storyboard based. You can upload video and audio or connect your facebook, flickr, picasa or dropbox accounts. It offers predefined audio clips, text to speech (this is unique!) as well as title slides and transitions. You may even add google maps along side your videos which makes stupeflix.com quite HTML5-ish.<br />
Stupeflix.com places all your assets and clips on a set of templates which suggests that it is rather intended as a slideshow service. It is not clear if you can disable the templates or why not, because with templates all videos need to be rendered to a final remix which slows down the preview quite a bit.<br />
Interestingly stupeflix.com offers an <a title="Stupeflix-API-Client" href="https://github.com/Stupeflix/Stupeflix-API-Client" target="_blank">open source client API on github</a> which is well documented on <a title="developer.stupeflix.com" href="http://developer.stupeflix.com/documentation" target="_blank">http://developer.stupeflix.com/documentation</a>.<br />
Together with a clear pricing plan for education (teachers and schools) it would be interesting to see the stupeflix API implemented in a school platform including showcases of students working on their videos in class.</p>
<h1>filelab video editor</h1>
<p><a title="filelab video editor" href="https://www.filelab.com/video-editor" target="_blank">https://www.filelab.com/video-editor</a></p>
<p>Currently there is hardly any decent free offline video editor for Windows (Okay, except for <a title="VLMC" href="http://www.videolan.org/vlmc/" target="_blank">VLMC</a> which is too alpha and still crashes too often but yet very promising, <a title="VideoPad" href="http://www.nchsoftware.com/videopad/index.html" target="_blank">VideoPad</a> which looks a bit different from other non-linear editors and the trial period is a bit unclear and <a title="Lightworks" href="http://www.lightworksbeta.com" target="_blank">Lightworks</a> which works VERY different from other editors and does not read all currents video formats).<br />
If you just want a personal online video editor for Windows without the need for collaboration then this might be a choice. I have tested filelab video editor in Windows7 Internet Explorer and Firefox. You are required to install a basic programme application and a plug-in in Firefox. The service is free as far as I can see and lets you download your final remix to your harddisk upon registration.</p>
<h1>Jaycut †</h1>
<p><a title="Jaycut" href="http://jaycut.com/" target="_blank">http://jaycut.com/</a></p>
<p>Rest in peace!<br />
Jaycut used to have a great online video editor with a great free demo version with quite unlimited features. After RIM acquired Jaycut they removed the free demo site too and <a title="Jaycut Blackberry" href="http://blogs.blackberry.com/2011/07/rim-welcomes-jaycut/" target="_blank">promised to bring Jaycut to the Blackberry Mobile OS</a>.</p>
<h1>Facebook apps &amp; games</h1>
<h2>flaon.com</h2>
<p>&#8230; is basically a Facebook app but also runs on a separate domain on flaon.com. You can upload your own videos, photos etc. cut and trim them in place or put them together as a slideshow. On Facebook this flash-application does not run when &#8220;Secure browsing&#8221; (https) is enabled. All in all flaon is not convincing.</p>
<h2>ChopChop</h2>
<p><a title="Corel Chop Chop" href="http://chopchop.corel.com" target="_blank">http://chopchop.corel.com</a></p>
<p>Chop Chop by corel.com is a very appealing editor that lets you &#8220;chop&#8221; YouTube videos into a new remix. From the look and feel it seems very directed towards children but this makes it very funny and easy to use. The storyboard based editor offers some trimming to the single clips and interestingly offers HTML5-ish commenting and annotations which are also shown in the timeline below the player (highlighted with thick a blue line at the resp. place). The source clips are also shown in a timeline below the player but unlike stroome.com Chop Chop puts them in the correct order. See an example <a title="ChopChop" href="http://chopchop.corel.com/projects/up.MDAwMDEtZGU" target="_blank">here</a></p>
<div id="attachment_726" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 967px"><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/ChopChop.png"><img class=" wp-image-726" title="ChopChop" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/ChopChop.png" alt="ChopChop sample" width="957" height="356" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Screen taken from http://chopchop.corel.com/projects/up.MDAwMDEtZGU</p></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>YourTurn.fm</h2>
<p><a title="YourTurn" href="http://www.yourturn.fm" target="_blank">http://www.yourturn.fm</a></p>
<p>The Austrian platform Yourturn.fm is funded by the WWTF &#8211; Wiener Wissenschafts-, Forschungs- und Technologiefonds and run by colleagues from the University of Vienna and the Technical University of Vienna. YourTurn.fm is actually a Facebook game but runs as a standalone website too. The <a title="YourTurn.fm Howto" href="https://www.yourturn.fm/howto" target="_blank">how-to page</a> explains YourTurn.fm:</p>
<blockquote><p><cite title="YourTurn.fm Howto"><strong>&#8220;YourTurn rules</strong><br />
Choose clips from YouTube videos and add them alternately with other players to create a new video. On TV, you can watch videos created by other players. In the studio, you can work on your own videos.<br />
Only after you finished a video, you will find out whom you played with. You can challenge your friends, too. You will receive points for creating own videos, for rating other videos and if other players favor or rate your videos. Getting points raises your level, unlocks new options to change your looks and new ratings.</cite>&#8220;</p></blockquote>
<div id="attachment_731" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 713px"><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/YourTurn.png"><img class=" wp-image-731" title="YourTurn Timeline" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/YourTurn.png" alt="YourTurn Timeline" width="703" height="126" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Screen taken from https://www.yourturn.fm/mixes/413</p></div>
<p>I like the way YouTurn.fm remains authorships in their player. Source clips are being displayed in the timeline below the video, or the timeline is represented by the source clips together with avatars of the authors which are explained at the top of the page.</p>

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		<title>Zur Medienkompetenzförderung von Jugendlichen aus benachteiligten Verhältnissen</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/15/zur-medienkompetenzforderung-von-jugendlichen-aus-benachteiligten-verhaltnissen/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/15/zur-medienkompetenzforderung-von-jugendlichen-aus-benachteiligten-verhaltnissen/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2012 06:44:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[educ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medienbildung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medienpädagogik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risikolerner]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dieser Text ist teilweise aus Die Förderung von Medienkompetenz im Sinne einer aktiven Handlungsfähigkeit und Teilhabe in der Welt mittels Medien ist ein zentrales Feld der Medienpädagogik. Mit der Studie „Medienpädagogik und soziokulturelle Unterschiede“ stellte Horst Niesyto (2000) heraus, dass die Medienwelten der Kinder und Jugendlichen aus sozialen und bildungsmäßigen &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dieser Text ist teilweise aus 
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  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K. (2012). <i>Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern. Eine Analyse der Nutzung mobiler und vernetzter Technologien durch m&auml;nnliche jugendliche Risikolerner und die in den Nutzungsmustern angelegten Chancen f&uuml;r Medienbildung</i>. Kassel: Universit&auml;t Kassel. Retrieved from <a title='Medienbildungschancen von Risikolernern. Eine Analyse der Nutzung mobiler und vernetzter Technologien durch männliche jugendliche Risikolerner und die in den Nutzungsmustern angelegten Chancen für Medienbildung' rel='external' href='http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264'>http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012120642264</a></div>
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<p>Die Förderung von Medienkompetenz im Sinne einer aktiven Handlungsfähigkeit und Teilhabe in der Welt mittels Medien ist ein zentrales Feld der Medienpädagogik.</p>
<p>Mit der Studie „Medienpädagogik und soziokulturelle Unterschiede“ stellte Horst Niesyto (2000) heraus, dass die Medienwelten der Kinder und Jugendlichen aus sozialen und bildungsmäßigen Problemlagen und speziell der Jugendlichen an der Hauptschule besonderer medienpädagogischer Aufmerksamkeit bedürfen (ebenda). Nadia Kutscher u. a. legten in 2009 die Studie „Medienkompetenzförderung für Kinder und Jugendliche in benachteiligten Lebenslagen“ vor (Kutscher, Klein, Lojewski, &amp; Schäfer, 2009). Die Studie hat die aktive Medienarbeit mit sozial benachteiligten Jugendlichen und die Qualifizierung von pädagogischem Personal in der Perspektive der Medienkompetenz der Jugendlichen im Blick. Die Zielgruppe „benachteiligte Kinder und Jugendliche“ beziehen die Autoren auf die Schüler der Hauptschule.</p>
<p>Aus Sicht der Medienpädagogik ist der Begriff der Benachteiligung bzw der benachteiligten Verhältnisse offen gehalten. Horst Niesyto hat den Begriff der Benachteiligung zwar folgendermaßen definiert: „wenn durch bestimmte Formen des Zugangs, der Aneignung und Vermittlung von Medienkompetenz soziale Gruppen und Schichten tendenziell ausgegrenzt werden“ (Niesyto, 2000, S. 7). Dennoch wird in der Praxis der Forschung und der Medienkompetenzförderung häufig nur die Gruppe der Hauptschüler in den Blick genommen. Jugendliche aus den beruflichen Übergangssystemen blieben in den bisherigen Studien und Projekten meist außen vor.</p>
<p>Bei den Konzepten aktiver Medienarbeit bzw. der Medienkompetenzförderung stehen die Jugendlichen und ihre Mediennungsmuster und -präferenzen im Vordergrund. Dazu gehört z.B. die Abkehr von der Vermittlung bestimmter Grundbildung und Kern-Kompetenzen im Sinne von instrumentellen Fähigkeiten, sowie die Abkehr von der Diskussion um Defizite individueller Jugendlicher, die Bildungsprozesse allein dem Subjekt zuschreiben und gesellschaftliche Benachteiligungsstrukturen vernachlässigen.</p>
<p>Als inhaltliche Arbeitsbereiche heben Kutscher u. a. neben „Kommunikations- und netzwerkorientierter Medienarbeit“ die Arbeit mit auditiven und visuellen Medien für die medienpädagogische Praxis mit Jugendlichen aus benachteiligten Verhältnissen hervor (Kutscher u. a., 2009, S. 51f).</p>
<p>Allgemeiner formuliert Horst Niesyto die Forderung nach zielgruppenspezifischen Konzepten, „die ästhetisch, sozial und kommunikativ auf die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse, Aneignungsformen und Themen hin ausgelegt sind“ (Niesyto, 2009, S. 15). In diese Richtung argumentiert auch Stefan Welling, in dem er ein „situativ orientiertes medienpädagogisches Praxismodell“ vorschlägt (2008, S. 64), „das als Ausgangspunkt den (un-)pädagogischen Alltag nimmt und daran Formen geselliger Praxis anschließt, in denen situativ initiierbare Aktivitäten unter Einsatz von neuen Medien verwirklicht werden“ (Kutscher u. a., 2009, S. 56). Die Autoren empfehlen daher für aktive Medienarbeit „Spielerische und non-lineare Arbeitsweisen“ und dadurch die Förderung „durch Bereitstellung eines flexiblen Rahmens und Einplanung kleinschrittiger Übungen bzw. Zwischenprodukte“ (Kutscher u. a., 2009, S. 51). Im Prinzip greift Stefan Welling (2008) dieses Ergebnis auf, in dem er, anhand seines beobachteten episodenhaften Handelns der Jugendlichen aus benachteiligten Verhältnissen in der medienpädagogischen Praxis, folgerte, prozessorientierte und produktorientierte Ansätze zu mischen, um den Jugendlichen Erfahrungen, Anerkennung und Erfolge zu ermöglichen, die ihnen an anderen Stellen häufig verwehrt bleiben (Kutscher u. a., 2009, S. 55).</p>

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  <div class="csl-entry">Kutscher, N., Klein, A., Lojewski, J., &amp; Sch&auml;fer, M. (2009). <i>Medienkompetenzf&ouml;rderung f&uuml;r Kinder und Jugendliche in benachteiligten Lebenslagen. Konzept zur inhaltlichen, didaktischen und strukturellen Ausrichtung der medienp&auml;dagogischen Praxis in der Kinder- und Jugendarbeit</i>. (Landesanstalt f&uuml;r Medien Nordrhein-Westfalen (LfM), Ed.) (Vol. 36). D&uuml;sseldorf: Landesanstalt f&uuml;r Medien Nordrhein-Westfalen (LfM). Retrieved from <a title='Medienkompetenzförderung für Kinder und Jugendliche in benachteiligten Lebenslagen. Konzept zur inhaltlichen, didaktischen und strukturellen Ausrichtung der medienpädagogischen Praxis in der Kinder- und Jugendarbeit' rel='external' href='http://lfmpublikationen.lfm-nrw.de/catalog/downloadproducts/Doku36_Medienkompetenzfoerderung.pdf'>http://lfmpublikationen.lfm-nrw.de/catalog/downloadproducts/Doku36_Medienkompetenzfoerderung.pdf</a></div>
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  <div class="csl-entry">Niesyto, H. (2000). <i>Medienp&auml;dagogik und soziokulturelle Unterschiede</i>. (Medienp&auml;dagogischer Forschungsverbund S&uuml;dwest, Ed.). Baden-Baden / Ludwigsburg: Medienp&auml;dagogischer Forschungsverbund S&uuml;dwest. Retrieved from <a title='Medienpädagogik und soziokulturelle Unterschiede' rel='external' href='http://www.mpfs.de/fileadmin/Einzelstudien/soziokulturell.pdf'>http://www.mpfs.de/fileadmin/Einzelstudien/soziokulturell.pdf</a></div>
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  <div class="csl-entry">Niesyto, H. (2009). Digitale Medien, soziale Benachteiligung und soziale Distinktion. (H. Niesyto, D. Meister, &amp; H. Moser, Eds.)<i>MedienP&auml;dagogik - www.medienpaed.com - Zeitschrift f&uuml;r Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung</i>. Retrieved from <a title='Digitale Medien, soziale Benachteiligung und soziale Distinktion' rel='external' href='http://www.medienpaed.com/17/niesyto0906.pdf'>http://www.medienpaed.com/17/niesyto0906.pdf</a></div>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/15/zur-medienkompetenzforderung-von-jugendlichen-aus-benachteiligten-verhaltnissen/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		<title>Semmelknödel-Fotolovestory</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/08/semmelknodel-fotolovestory/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/08/semmelknodel-fotolovestory/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jun 2012 19:33:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bilder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fotos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Images]]></category>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='photonic-picasa-stream photonic-stream' id='photonic-picasa-stream-1'><ul class='title-display-tooltip'>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-PW7X1QhTgMc/R-akjfq-SJI/AAAAAAAAAFc/3zMN8MVVwe0/s1600/IMAGE_578.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/VQi1qfezuIT1BqU5aulc49MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;40 alte, trockene Semmel in Würfel schneiden&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="40 alte, trockene Semmel in Würfel schneiden" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-PW7X1QhTgMc/R-akjfq-SJI/AAAAAAAAAFc/3zMN8MVVwe0/s175-c/IMAGE_578.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ff3ujRUxWn4/R-akjvq-SKI/AAAAAAAAAFk/fRg3HOevrEo/s1600/IMAGE_579.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/_ixks8-4Pr40yD61Fd79ydMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_579.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_579.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ff3ujRUxWn4/R-akjvq-SKI/AAAAAAAAAFk/fRg3HOevrEo/s175-c/IMAGE_579.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ZNh_hZHMZIQ/R-akkPq-SLI/AAAAAAAAAFs/sjQCuotHABE/s1600/IMAGE_580.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/9LE8yyJvwd3ctCPMKUfYrdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_580.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_580.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ZNh_hZHMZIQ/R-akkPq-SLI/AAAAAAAAAFs/sjQCuotHABE/s175-c/IMAGE_580.jpg" /></a></li>
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	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-69UauromNLU/R-akm_q-SPI/AAAAAAAAAGM/f4Xhspo3eVA/s1600/IMAGE_589.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/WFRhTDVbDXB20RWYbToMwtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Petersilie&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Petersilie" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-69UauromNLU/R-akm_q-SPI/AAAAAAAAAGM/f4Xhspo3eVA/s175-c/IMAGE_589.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-43Y9z6YHHSU/R-ako_q-SQI/AAAAAAAAAGU/A_OMT0qLGgo/s1600/IMAGE_593.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/R8VxIxoDpowPF4e-4eXwwNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Speck und Zwiebeln anbraten, dünsten&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Speck und Zwiebeln anbraten, dünsten" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-43Y9z6YHHSU/R-ako_q-SQI/AAAAAAAAAGU/A_OMT0qLGgo/s175-c/IMAGE_593.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-iL7cwK-5cB8/R-akqvq-SRI/AAAAAAAAAGc/WThbk6n17_c/s1600/IMAGE_594.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/OPTdX_oR01o65VXrAe1vC9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;noch mehr Petersilie&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="noch mehr Petersilie" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-iL7cwK-5cB8/R-akqvq-SRI/AAAAAAAAAGc/WThbk6n17_c/s175-c/IMAGE_594.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-r_ce_KrzwDM/R-aksvq-SSI/AAAAAAAAAGk/cv1wb4j8aEw/s1600/IMAGE_595.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/CwKaTZ0Lr0DAl-04G5iCJdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;12 Eier&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="12 Eier" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-r_ce_KrzwDM/R-aksvq-SSI/AAAAAAAAAGk/cv1wb4j8aEw/s175-c/IMAGE_595.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-LgEp24keT1s/R-akuPq-STI/AAAAAAAAAGs/pr4qr9RjZRc/s1600/IMAGE_596.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/KXaHC5Jw8UgEEzQCKxNaZNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_596.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_596.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-LgEp24keT1s/R-akuPq-STI/AAAAAAAAAGs/pr4qr9RjZRc/s175-c/IMAGE_596.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-GOo4oq2jVys/R-akv_q-SUI/AAAAAAAAAG0/wyQCmdqxiVc/s1600/IMAGE_597.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/WYJX_4FBbWLoUb-KlEdRytMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_597.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_597.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-GOo4oq2jVys/R-akv_q-SUI/AAAAAAAAAG0/wyQCmdqxiVc/s175-c/IMAGE_597.jpg" /></a></li>
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	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-EIKeKbxRu9o/R-ak3vq-SYI/AAAAAAAAAHU/JnG1a0gWHc8/s1600/IMAGE_601.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/dRoRDdScRInk0p3Vp5faxdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_601.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_601.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-EIKeKbxRu9o/R-ak3vq-SYI/AAAAAAAAAHU/JnG1a0gWHc8/s175-c/IMAGE_601.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-iW4GE13Titc/R-ak5fq-SZI/AAAAAAAAAHc/UbYITPDTztU/s1600/IMAGE_602.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/GJ6cBcIQVhwc7Qghm5ppONMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Geheimzutat: Majoran&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Geheimzutat: Majoran" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-iW4GE13Titc/R-ak5fq-SZI/AAAAAAAAAHc/UbYITPDTztU/s175-c/IMAGE_602.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-N4Z5sMXNcaE/R-ak7Pq-SaI/AAAAAAAAAHk/EWUm9QqVsDI/s1600/IMAGE_603.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/ihACqrjDSTbx289LWdo4P9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Geheimzutat: etwas Muskat&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Geheimzutat: etwas Muskat" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-N4Z5sMXNcaE/R-ak7Pq-SaI/AAAAAAAAAHk/EWUm9QqVsDI/s175-c/IMAGE_603.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-uH8UPF_tuBA/R-ak8_q-SbI/AAAAAAAAAHs/nRc_jEFedF0/s1600/IMAGE_607.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/HTosze51MoUCISC56XxxKdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Ausgekühlte Speck und Zwiebeln zu den Eiern&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Ausgekühlte Speck und Zwiebeln zu den Eiern" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-uH8UPF_tuBA/R-ak8_q-SbI/AAAAAAAAAHs/nRc_jEFedF0/s175-c/IMAGE_607.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dxuK27mXKVs/R-ak-_q-ScI/AAAAAAAAAH0/GrF3LBI8Zs4/s1600/IMAGE_610.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/amv61ZWyuhF1PKhnYnqQ19MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Die Semmeln mit 2 Litern Milch übergießen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Die Semmeln mit 2 Litern Milch übergießen" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dxuK27mXKVs/R-ak-_q-ScI/AAAAAAAAAH0/GrF3LBI8Zs4/s175-c/IMAGE_610.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-bnllaLVAXAY/R-alA_q-SdI/AAAAAAAAAH8/h8G7n_LJe4s/s1600/IMAGE_611.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/W7fMT9rktvjWeStqmF3weNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;...ziehen lassen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="...ziehen lassen" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-bnllaLVAXAY/R-alA_q-SdI/AAAAAAAAAH8/h8G7n_LJe4s/s175-c/IMAGE_611.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-h1fvlCckmtc/R-alCfq-SeI/AAAAAAAAAIE/BFN9k9E4nY4/s1600/IMAGE_612.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/NVpzyHonFGq7bUzuXK6JCtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;noch mehr Petersilie klein hacken&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="noch mehr Petersilie klein hacken" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-h1fvlCckmtc/R-alCfq-SeI/AAAAAAAAAIE/BFN9k9E4nY4/s175-c/IMAGE_612.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dFsHk3tnmM0/R-alD_q-SfI/AAAAAAAAAIM/A7_MLI2EGpk/s1600/IMAGE_613.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/4ly3IF9tSmvJ7krYUPFAi9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_613.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_613.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dFsHk3tnmM0/R-alD_q-SfI/AAAAAAAAAIM/A7_MLI2EGpk/s175-c/IMAGE_613.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-uVpgyaVCjZQ/R-alFvq-SgI/AAAAAAAAAIU/iJq010t25Q8/s1600/IMAGE_614.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/c2YN5VFVOUPsvQQ808zZMtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_614.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_614.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-uVpgyaVCjZQ/R-alFvq-SgI/AAAAAAAAAIU/iJq010t25Q8/s175-c/IMAGE_614.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NYyKsWYp1jo/R-alHfq-ShI/AAAAAAAAAIc/U3El5PDN4VA/s1600/IMAGE_615.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/-wEgQrZgW53-anYEFyPAfNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_615.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_615.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NYyKsWYp1jo/R-alHfq-ShI/AAAAAAAAAIc/U3El5PDN4VA/s175-c/IMAGE_615.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-eQvggmWdCK8/R-alJfq-SiI/AAAAAAAAAIk/NeeISHScpo4/s1600/IMAGE_620.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/nuR0bghigaiyxtDRUAYv2dMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Petersilie auch zu den Eiern, Speck und Zwiebeln&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Petersilie auch zu den Eiern, Speck und Zwiebeln" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-eQvggmWdCK8/R-alJfq-SiI/AAAAAAAAAIk/NeeISHScpo4/s175-c/IMAGE_620.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-LdoEuM4Vt7A/R-alK_q-SjI/AAAAAAAAAIw/YCuBLetQ__g/s1600/IMAGE_626.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/tqN0WPAa0xg0fGTEKBHzlNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Alles gut mixen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Alles gut mixen" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-LdoEuM4Vt7A/R-alK_q-SjI/AAAAAAAAAIw/YCuBLetQ__g/s175-c/IMAGE_626.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-9ScLTVDKG4s/R-alMvq-SkI/AAAAAAAAAI4/L7eHJzsFZa4/s1600/IMAGE_627.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/PfPt7riZjQMdE-Hu2AyXV9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_627.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_627.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-9ScLTVDKG4s/R-alMvq-SkI/AAAAAAAAAI4/L7eHJzsFZa4/s175-c/IMAGE_627.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Mk_r2_MOWmo/R-alOPq-SlI/AAAAAAAAAJA/UMoGxL1hJl4/s1600/IMAGE_628.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/sIQJfpGaL2rDkf1rZve6D9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_628.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_628.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Mk_r2_MOWmo/R-alOPq-SlI/AAAAAAAAAJA/UMoGxL1hJl4/s175-c/IMAGE_628.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-S9z5z8RDkok/R-alQfq-SmI/AAAAAAAAAJI/EzJwVI1wXz4/s1600/IMAGE_630.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/xrnj4_gRrgCpRo60mLTo5tMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Die Eier, Speck, Ziebeln, Petersilie, Geheimzutaten über die Semmeln gießen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Die Eier, Speck, Ziebeln, Petersilie, Geheimzutaten über die Semmeln gießen" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-S9z5z8RDkok/R-alQfq-SmI/AAAAAAAAAJI/EzJwVI1wXz4/s175-c/IMAGE_630.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-CCm0VlpBH3A/R-alSPq-SnI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/JntqwK8WSm4/s1600/IMAGE_631.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/VT-Ppo2JZ2MP5VGVP_ta59MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_631.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_631.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-CCm0VlpBH3A/R-alSPq-SnI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/JntqwK8WSm4/s175-c/IMAGE_631.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2JNStt-HDqc/R-alUfq-SoI/AAAAAAAAAJY/KSz1NKrZqIk/s1600/IMAGE_632.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/I-tvMPd5foNCz8Ns1q450tMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_632.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_632.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2JNStt-HDqc/R-alUfq-SoI/AAAAAAAAAJY/KSz1NKrZqIk/s175-c/IMAGE_632.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-1rtBa0PAEyU/R-alWvq-SpI/AAAAAAAAAJg/uND9UzX-cFo/s1600/IMAGE_633.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/Bf6SGRDr0IJXEKcpYFtkctMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Mit dem Handmixer...&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Mit dem Handmixer..." src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-1rtBa0PAEyU/R-alWvq-SpI/AAAAAAAAAJg/uND9UzX-cFo/s175-c/IMAGE_633.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-lL0E1tDVi-s/R-alZPq-SqI/AAAAAAAAAJo/Xj1hdnT72xw/s1600/IMAGE_634.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/H8Q6SBNVkcYD4OSzGw9YlNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;ordentlich kneten. Kann man auch mit dn Händen machen, ist aber anstrengend.&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="ordentlich kneten. Kann man auch mit dn Händen machen, ist aber anstrengend." src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-lL0E1tDVi-s/R-alZPq-SqI/AAAAAAAAAJo/Xj1hdnT72xw/s175-c/IMAGE_634.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-udQOXYf-6Uo/R-albfq-SrI/AAAAAAAAAJw/a9RaGsRoWfY/s1600/IMAGE_636.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/x4Tl5vxTfKNfiT0GD836AdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_636.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_636.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-udQOXYf-6Uo/R-albfq-SrI/AAAAAAAAAJw/a9RaGsRoWfY/s175-c/IMAGE_636.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-YI_HRL764jg/R-aldfq-SsI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/nsE4CgmOtNw/s1600/IMAGE_637.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/TUVBm_HAAB6x1KSaHRGGxdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Und nochmal rühren&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Und nochmal rühren" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-YI_HRL764jg/R-aldfq-SsI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/nsE4CgmOtNw/s175-c/IMAGE_637.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-_T8mMtHKmAA/R-alffq-StI/AAAAAAAAAKA/hn1A_RnRYKs/s1600/IMAGE_638.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/IJp4iL29mCQ20FQflp3wIdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;... ziehen lassen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="... ziehen lassen" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-_T8mMtHKmAA/R-alffq-StI/AAAAAAAAAKA/hn1A_RnRYKs/s175-c/IMAGE_638.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2kGP0jSiq1w/R-alhfq-SuI/AAAAAAAAAKI/fsapX_RMFZs/s1600/IMAGE_639.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/iAi2sWsr60EuheBa9DyKbtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Teig wäre fertig.&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Teig wäre fertig." src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2kGP0jSiq1w/R-alhfq-SuI/AAAAAAAAAKI/fsapX_RMFZs/s175-c/IMAGE_639.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-8BWVCuGobZc/R-ali_q-SvI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/wiSMkS0d7Qw/s1600/IMAGE_642.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/5-qvNincYEtMT4RphVgpQtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;So siehts im Rezeptbuch aus. Die nehmen aber nur ein viertel der Menge.&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="So siehts im Rezeptbuch aus. Die nehmen aber nur ein viertel der Menge." src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-8BWVCuGobZc/R-ali_q-SvI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/wiSMkS0d7Qw/s175-c/IMAGE_642.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-paFEGMOkAIY/R-alkfq-SwI/AAAAAAAAAKY/DgZbG0i9M1M/s1600/IMAGE_643.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/yNBPMPp_Qqve2uxFTunyi9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Knödel formen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Knödel formen" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-paFEGMOkAIY/R-alkfq-SwI/AAAAAAAAAKY/DgZbG0i9M1M/s175-c/IMAGE_643.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-CW3YGKYZpgg/R-all_q-SxI/AAAAAAAAAKg/7X6dSCQq7ZY/s1600/IMAGE_644.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/UhJaXTIltOjyL3QjH_DoPdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;am besten zu zweit&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="am besten zu zweit" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-CW3YGKYZpgg/R-all_q-SxI/AAAAAAAAAKg/7X6dSCQq7ZY/s175-c/IMAGE_644.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-uqonQUSESwo/R-aloPq-SyI/AAAAAAAAAKo/tdiHrbADhOM/s1600/IMAGE_645.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/iPaZ9R1ztHcXYgcZdY3GDdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Lecker Salzbraten dazu&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Lecker Salzbraten dazu" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-uqonQUSESwo/R-aloPq-SyI/AAAAAAAAAKo/tdiHrbADhOM/s175-c/IMAGE_645.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-DWjCIK4k9Jc/R-alp_q-SzI/AAAAAAAAAKw/dC8su0kmqXM/s1600/IMAGE_648.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/SidZtvT4PX5SDtwlptTQfNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_648.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_648.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-DWjCIK4k9Jc/R-alp_q-SzI/AAAAAAAAAKw/dC8su0kmqXM/s175-c/IMAGE_648.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-uhZIFfqRSE8/R-alrfq-S0I/AAAAAAAAAK4/BMH9nuDLgOw/s1600/IMAGE_649.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/1uX_yoH06j3AqRus2SWUNNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_649.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_649.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-uhZIFfqRSE8/R-alrfq-S0I/AAAAAAAAAK4/BMH9nuDLgOw/s175-c/IMAGE_649.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Dc4MkKmSzwY/R-altPq-S1I/AAAAAAAAALE/SypYPymjuj8/s1600/IMAGE_650.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/-cogVnMm2CFSEMsHWmSPDdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_650.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_650.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Dc4MkKmSzwY/R-altPq-S1I/AAAAAAAAALE/SypYPymjuj8/s175-c/IMAGE_650.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-LyFpZ3co2ao/R-alu_q-S2I/AAAAAAAAALM/3aRC4z0mfwA/s1600/IMAGE_651.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/oQigJ4KCgv69YmMJ2PBU_9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_651.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_651.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-LyFpZ3co2ao/R-alu_q-S2I/AAAAAAAAALM/3aRC4z0mfwA/s175-c/IMAGE_651.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-QhWk0Eu0wJg/R-alw_q-S3I/AAAAAAAAALU/7yNUx5Epcn8/s1600/IMAGE_652.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/6bGpBZpuSuTham7YCYCgWtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_652.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_652.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-QhWk0Eu0wJg/R-alw_q-S3I/AAAAAAAAALU/7yNUx5Epcn8/s175-c/IMAGE_652.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Gev8phWFAZ0/R-alyPq-S4I/AAAAAAAAALc/0Jc0ChtjHOE/s1600/IMAGE_653.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/4UFpJfMwUiwJR2j7TnV19NMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_653.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_653.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Gev8phWFAZ0/R-alyPq-S4I/AAAAAAAAALc/0Jc0ChtjHOE/s175-c/IMAGE_653.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-w07OQwLGNWQ/R-alz_q-S5I/AAAAAAAAALk/fV54ErjFtcM/s1600/IMAGE_654.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/1QxACW27asIzZYwkbaZipdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_654.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_654.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-w07OQwLGNWQ/R-alz_q-S5I/AAAAAAAAALk/fV54ErjFtcM/s175-c/IMAGE_654.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-dv59E0DnitA/R-al1vq-S6I/AAAAAAAAALs/JJSbj2fXi7I/s1600/IMAGE_655.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/hh0cCbOLcBHpfnha3n_LidMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_655.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_655.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-dv59E0DnitA/R-al1vq-S6I/AAAAAAAAALs/JJSbj2fXi7I/s175-c/IMAGE_655.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-66knvOoL-Xc/R-al3vq-S7I/AAAAAAAAAL0/MtECizSJDrE/s1600/IMAGE_659.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/iKjIaiWCElosWMY-BOKwwtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Viola, ca 47 Knödel&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Viola, ca 47 Knödel" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-66knvOoL-Xc/R-al3vq-S7I/AAAAAAAAAL0/MtECizSJDrE/s175-c/IMAGE_659.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-yN24eHQGQzQ/R-al5fq-S8I/AAAAAAAAAL8/2tA-BmHJzh8/s1600/IMAGE_660.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/0IjudVvWTQr8vZq7ZeV1k9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_660.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_660.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-yN24eHQGQzQ/R-al5fq-S8I/AAAAAAAAAL8/2tA-BmHJzh8/s175-c/IMAGE_660.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-A7EJn1dcYlw/R-al7fq-S9I/AAAAAAAAAME/8RH3TZ8MnTI/s1600/IMAGE_661.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/MjR_FNeHFhHCjaA9l9F3M9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;In kochendes Wasser geben&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="In kochendes Wasser geben" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-A7EJn1dcYlw/R-al7fq-S9I/AAAAAAAAAME/8RH3TZ8MnTI/s175-c/IMAGE_661.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-lFj-xeX4KcY/R-al9Pq-S-I/AAAAAAAAAMM/YL6hck4MFaI/s1600/IMAGE_662.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/2UyCIEYTDQWfGq1jitJGHtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_662.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_662.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-lFj-xeX4KcY/R-al9Pq-S-I/AAAAAAAAAMM/YL6hck4MFaI/s175-c/IMAGE_662.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-nJclfH33ndY/R-al-vq-S_I/AAAAAAAAAMU/3DukLYl78bA/s1600/IMAGE_663.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/WcTj2GbDLTEQzwqpgGOYktMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;20 Minuten ziehen lassen&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="20 Minuten ziehen lassen" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-nJclfH33ndY/R-al-vq-S_I/AAAAAAAAAMU/3DukLYl78bA/s175-c/IMAGE_663.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-qzXq7KpGzwI/R-amAvq-TAI/AAAAAAAAAMc/cbi4JwxNAj8/s1600/IMAGE_664.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/zhFid8_ebfhxS-qgzUnOktMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Die Knödel nicht mehr kochen.&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Die Knödel nicht mehr kochen." src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-qzXq7KpGzwI/R-amAvq-TAI/AAAAAAAAAMc/cbi4JwxNAj8/s175-c/IMAGE_664.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-oY3fbuotl50/R-amCfq-TBI/AAAAAAAAAMk/ny2EMSo3eno/s1600/IMAGE_665.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/MoS8Dz8oFUUpLmtIA8zWNNMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;Der Salzbraten ist auch fertig&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="Der Salzbraten ist auch fertig" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-oY3fbuotl50/R-amCfq-TBI/AAAAAAAAAMk/ny2EMSo3eno/s175-c/IMAGE_665.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-2Qb5uRr2Sfg/R-amEPq-TCI/AAAAAAAAAMs/1Nshv3dMH-0/s1600/IMAGE_666.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/NoKD4oSKS_bBY6Vlo5mD3tMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_666.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_666.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-2Qb5uRr2Sfg/R-amEPq-TCI/AAAAAAAAAMs/1Nshv3dMH-0/s175-c/IMAGE_666.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-yq0SPPp2D2E/R-amGfq-TDI/AAAAAAAAAM0/i3_1BJ6EwAk/s1600/IMAGE_667.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/BQaVYdEoY-DvJpc1YaF0W9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_667.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_667.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-yq0SPPp2D2E/R-amGfq-TDI/AAAAAAAAAM0/i3_1BJ6EwAk/s175-c/IMAGE_667.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-yWmErb5YxN0/R-amH_q-TEI/AAAAAAAAAM8/M188uhlOUX8/s1600/IMAGE_668.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/kJ8m5Nbn3adSSoBC_Of5G9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;lecker&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="lecker" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-yWmErb5YxN0/R-amH_q-TEI/AAAAAAAAAM8/M188uhlOUX8/s175-c/IMAGE_668.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-6nvywFRYX-Y/R-amJvq-TFI/AAAAAAAAANE/wagd1gNql3I/s1600/IMAGE_669.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/Ac5OrB-GnbMQuXAoVFexH9MTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_669.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_669.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-6nvywFRYX-Y/R-amJvq-TFI/AAAAAAAAANE/wagd1gNql3I/s175-c/IMAGE_669.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NN-gRkM3BQo/R-amLfq-TGI/AAAAAAAAANM/D2O1GM7iays/s1600/IMAGE_670.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/CZe4OH7zX-KlyVSr1PufkdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_670.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_670.jpg" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NN-gRkM3BQo/R-amLfq-TGI/AAAAAAAAANM/D2O1GM7iays/s175-c/IMAGE_670.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-XkYktslzYU4/R-amNPq-THI/AAAAAAAAANU/gzKDietfA_A/s1600/IMAGE_671.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/h4jmc35bHejO9pqI7RlWxdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_671.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_671.jpg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-XkYktslzYU4/R-amNPq-THI/AAAAAAAAANU/gzKDietfA_A/s175-c/IMAGE_671.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-nRYYPp4bu04/R-amO_q-TII/AAAAAAAAANc/tjdx_KjskRw/s1600/IMAGE_672.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/k-2BFoNSgI1nBtHA0PE1UtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_672.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_672.jpg" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-nRYYPp4bu04/R-amO_q-TII/AAAAAAAAANc/tjdx_KjskRw/s175-c/IMAGE_672.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-picasa-image photonic-picasa-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-picasa-stream-1]'  href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-b8QUCLtKroU/R-amQvq-TJI/AAAAAAAAANo/mqIw7lf96VM/s1600/IMAGE_673.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/11NzgniHbPJCudHO7JgwetMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0&#039; &gt;IMAGE_673.jpg&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="IMAGE_673.jpg" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-b8QUCLtKroU/R-amQvq-TJI/AAAAAAAAANo/mqIw7lf96VM/s175-c/IMAGE_673.jpg" /></a></li>
</ul>
</div>

]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/06/08/semmelknodel-fotolovestory/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>StreetArt</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/05/05/streetart/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/05/05/streetart/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 May 2012 16:18:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bilder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fotos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Images]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pictures]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=546</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Gallery from flickr.com containing our StreetArt collection. Most are stencils, most from Bremen.]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gallery from flickr.com containing our StreetArt collection. Most are stencils, most from Bremen.</p>
<div class='photonic-flickr-stream photonic-stream '><ul class='title-display-tooltip'>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8052/8370560649_566cbf8112_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/8370560649&#039; &gt;&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8052/8370560649_566cbf8112_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8175/7991060172_6b78472ded_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/7991060172&#039; &gt;20120910_123712&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="20120910_123712" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8175/7991060172_6b78472ded_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8042/7991052211_6ef7aff8a5_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/7991052211&#039; &gt;20120910_123839&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="20120910_123839" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8042/7991052211_6ef7aff8a5_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8109/8637531280_f15378d66f_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/8637531280&#039; &gt;&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8109/8637531280_f15378d66f_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8388/8636423949_486f360945_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/8636423949&#039; &gt;&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8388/8636423949_486f360945_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8042/7991058678_cb953f352f_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/7991058678&#039; &gt;20120903_150351&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="20120903_150351" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8042/7991058678_cb953f352f_m.jpg" /></a></li>
	<li class="photonic-flickr-image photonic-flickr-photo photonic-gallery-3c"><a  class='launch-gallery-prettyphoto prettyphoto'  rel='photonic-prettyPhoto[lightbox-photonic-flickr-stream-1]'  href="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8041/7991063166_2fb8b6b5ee_z.jpg" title="&lt;a href=&#039;http://www.flickr.com/photos/37401770@N05/7991063166&#039; &gt;20120903_150409&lt;/a&gt;" ><img alt="20120903_150409" src="http://farm9.static.flickr.com/8041/7991063166_2fb8b6b5ee_m.jpg" /></a></li>
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</ul>
</div>

]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/05/05/streetart/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>My objections against the use of Facebook in school</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/04/04/my-objections-against-the-use-of-facebook-in-school/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/04/04/my-objections-against-the-use-of-facebook-in-school/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Apr 2012 08:33:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Facebook]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nachhaltigkeit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risikolerner]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=524</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[(The following text is a draft and might change) Using Social Networking Services such as Facebook in school is a nice idea. Learning in social communities or learning enhanced by social networking sites (SNS) is very popular and you will sure find a lot of very good arguments and best &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(The following text is a draft and might change)</p>
<p>Using Social Networking Services such as Facebook in school is a nice idea. Learning in social communities or learning enhanced by social networking sites (SNS) is very popular and you will sure find a lot of very good arguments and best practices around situated learning in communities of practice &#8211; just to mention some of the buzzword around this issue. But I currently have some distinct objections against the use of Facebook in school:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Do not force minors into a contracts, that they cannot fulfil nor understand</strong><br />
Have you ever had look at the terms of use of Facebook? Give it a try and review the terms. You will realise that it is quite likely that you or others whom you know of have already done things that do not comply with those rules.<br />
First of all those terms of use state that the minimum age of users must be 13. In principle users have to actively and deliberately agree to the processing of their personal data. Thus the user needs to know and understand what he or she agrees to. This is where the problem starts. Usually pupils in school are under-age (younger than 18) and even as teens their capability of discernment is limited. Therefore parents usually need to agree to those terms of use too &#8211; Or consequently users need to be at least 18 years of age. Another problem of capability of discernment and understanding is language: Facebook&#8217;s terms of use are in English only. This means that the site expects and assumes users to be able to master the English language to a very high degree.</li>
<li><strong>Freedom of school</strong><br />
We should bear in mind that Facebook is a commercial company aiming to make profit. By using Facebook as teachers and by encouraging pupils to use Facebook for school purposes school becomes a commercial instrument of Facebook. It would thus be exploiting children for economic interests if Facebook is able to enter and to penetrate school.</li>
<li><strong>Data privacy</strong><br />
Imagine as a parent or educator you learn that your school hands assessment data of pupils to an external data provider. The outrage would be loud enough.<br />
But the same happens when school engages into Facebook. It is assumable that pupils deal with personal data when they use Facebook in school contexts. In this perspective pupils hand over personal and potentially school related data to Facebook as an external provider.</li>
<li><strong>School should remain non-commercial</strong><br />
In principle school is ad-free. Facebook is not a charity enterprise but a full blown global economic player. Facebook makes use of advertisements and generates profit on its site by various means, be it just by the sheer presence of the logged in user, by users playing some third parity game or just by users who click on these fancy items in the top right column of the page. By encouraging pupils to use Facebook in school those advertisements penetrate school in a subtle but systematic way.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is up to the responsibility of teachers, educators, policy makers, &#8230; and of course parents too, to welcome new forms of learning. But it is also our responsibility to ask uncomfortable questions and to critically reflect those potentially difficult relationships between commercial and educational structures.</p>
<p>My proposal for the use of social networking sites in school would be to use a site that was specifically and carefully designed for school contexts. It is necessary to implement special structures of cyberwork in social communities for minors whereas the major SNS are not able to provide those carefully designed infrastructures.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

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		<title>Visualisations of text</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/30/visualisations-of-text/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/30/visualisations-of-text/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2012 09:34:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTML5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prcessing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tagcloud]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wordle]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=334</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The question here is, how to visualise great amounts of text, text as data or non-prose text. One of the current good practices is to build tag clouds like the one in the top image of this page. The principle of tag clouds is to order words according to their &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The question here is, how to visualise great amounts of text, text as data or non-prose text. One of the current good practices is to build tag clouds like the one in the top image of this page. The principle of tag clouds is to order words according to their frequency in a certain container of text. The higher the frequency of appearence of a word is, the bigger it will be displayed in relation to the other words.</p>
<p>Below I listed some tools for building such tag clouds and other means of visualising text.</p>
<ul>
<li>Worlde itself<br />
<a title="http://www.wordle.net/create" href="http://www.wordle.net/create" target="_blank">http://www.wordle.net/create</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Paper on wordle<br />
<a href="http://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wordle_final2.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wordle_final2.pdf</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Wordle plugin for Indesign CS4<br />
<a href="http://www.indiscripts.com/post/2010/01/wordalizer-a-tribute-to-wordle" target="_blank">http://www.indiscripts.com/post/2010/01/wordalizer-a-tribute-to-wordle</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Wordle and beyond<br />
<a href="http://www.tagul.com" target="_blank">http://www.tagul.com</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Jeff Clarks Neoformix:<br />
<a href="http://neoformix.com/Projects/portfolio/index.html" target="_blank">http://neoformix.com/Projects/portfolio/index.html</a><br />
He goes way beyond wordle, but we do not get any source scripts for his visualisations. he&#8217;s working with processing</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Stuff with and for Processing:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Self generating word cloud: <a href="http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=831" target="_blank">http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=831</a></li>
<li>Scattered word cloud: <a href="http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=7042" target="_blank">http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=7042</a></li>
<li>Portrait like word cloud: <a href="http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=7050" target="_blank">http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=7050</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li>DocuBurst<br />
<a href="http://faculty.uoit.ca/collins/research/docuburst/index.html" target="_blank">http://faculty.uoit.ca/collins/research/docuburst/index.html</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>It&#8217;s not enough to tell just one word about Fernanda Viegas and Martin Wattenberg. Esp. Fernanda was involved in the development of the major online visualisation tools by IBM Many Eyes: <a href="http://www-958.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/manyeyes/" target="_blank">http://www-958.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/manyeyes/</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://fernandaviegas.com/" target="_blank">http://fernandaviegas.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://hint.fm/" target="_blank">http://hint.fm/</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>Other cool sites on visualisation, mostly dealing with data</em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://flowingdata.com" target="_blank">http://flowingdata.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.visualcomplexity.com" target="_blank">http://www.visualcomplexity.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://infosthetics.com" target="_blank">http://infosthetics.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining" target="_blank">http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining</a></li>
<li><a href="http://convisual.com" target="_blank">http://convisual.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://designercorner.blinkr.net" target="_blank">http://designercorner.blinkr.net</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gearcrave.com" target="_blank">http://gearcrave.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webdesignerdepot.com" target="_blank">http://webdesignerdepot.com</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

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		<title>[Update:] Rechtliche Grundlage zu Parallelveröffentlichungen</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/29/rechtliche-grundlage-zu-parallelveroffentlichungen/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/29/rechtliche-grundlage-zu-parallelveroffentlichungen/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Mar 2012 12:26:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[openaccess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parallelveröffentlichung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urheberrecht]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=438</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Auf dieser Grundlage können vor allem wir als Wissenschaftler unsere Beiträge in Sammelbänden und Zeitschriften ein Jahr nach der Veröffentlichung parallel in unseren Blogs oder bspw. in OpenAccess Repositories veröffentlichen: § 38 (UrhG) Beiträge zu Sammlungen Gestattet der Urheber die Aufnahme des Werkes in eine periodisch erscheinende Sammlung, so erwirbt &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Auf dieser Grundlage können vor allem wir als Wissenschaftler unsere Beiträge in Sammelbänden und Zeitschriften ein Jahr nach der Veröffentlichung parallel in unseren Blogs oder bspw. in OpenAccess Repositories veröffentlichen:</p>
<blockquote>
<h1>§ 38 (UrhG) Beiträge zu Sammlungen</h1>
</blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Gestattet der Urheber die Aufnahme des Werkes in eine periodisch erscheinende Sammlung, so erwirbt der Verleger oder Herausgeber im Zweifel ein ausschließliches Nutzungsrecht zur Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung. Jedoch darf der Urheber das Werk nach Ablauf eines Jahres seit Erscheinen anderweit vervielfältigen und verbreiten, wenn nichts anderes vereinbart ist.</li>
<li>Absatz 1 Satz 2 gilt auch für einen Beitrag zu einer nicht periodisch erscheinenden Sammlung, für dessen Überlassung dem Urheber kein Anspruch auf Vergütung zusteht.</li>
<li>Wird der Beitrag einer Zeitung überlassen, so erwirbt der Verleger oder Herausgeber ein einfaches Nutzungsrecht, wenn nichts anderes vereinbart ist. Räumt der Urheber ein ausschließliches Nutzungsrecht ein, so ist er sogleich nach Erscheinen des Beitrags berechtigt, ihn anderweit zu vervielfältigen und zu verbreiten, wenn nichts anderes vereinbart ist.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<p>Quelle: <a href="http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/urhg/__38.html" target="_blank">http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/urhg/__38.html</a></p>
<p>Weitere Links dazu:<br />
<a href="http://www.urheberrecht.justlaw.de/urheberrechtsgesetz/38-urhg.htm" target="_blank">http://www.urheberrecht.justlaw.de/urheberrechtsgesetz/38-urhg.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ssoar.info/home/dokumente-einstellen/rechtliche-fragen.html" target="_blank">http://www.ssoar.info/home/dokumente-einstellen/rechtliche-fragen.html</a><br />
<a href="http://open-access.net/de/allgemeines/rechtsfragen/verlagsvertraege/">http://open-access.net/de/allgemeines/rechtsfragen/verlagsvertraege/</a></p>
<p><a href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/doku/heidok_publ.php?thema=oa_recht">http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/doku/heidok_publ.php?thema=oa_recht</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/allg/openaccess/">http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/allg/openaccess/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Update:</h2>
<p>In der Schweiz  beträgt die übliche Frist für die Wiederveröffentlichung von Beiträgen in Sammelwerken oder Priodika / Zeitschriften &#8211; sofern nichts anderes vereinbart ist &#8211; nicht wie in Deutschland ein Jahr, sondern nur drei Monate. Kürzere Beiträge dürfen sogar sofort wieder durch den Autor veröffentlicht werden.</p>
<p>Dies regelt <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/220/index.html">SR 220 Bundesgesetz betreffend die Ergänzung des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches (Fünfter Teil: Obligationenrecht)</a>, Zweite Abteilung: Die einzelnen Vertragsverhältnisse, Zwölfter Titel: Der Verlagsvertrag, Art. 382 II. Verfügung des Verlaggebers. [Anmerkung: Der Verlaggeber ist in der Regel der Autor]</p>
<blockquote><p><cite title="Verfügung des Verlaggebers, § 382 (Abs. 2 &amp; 3) Obligationenrecht"><sup>2</sup> Zeitungsartikel und einzelne kleinere Aufsätze in Zeitschriften darf der Verlaggeber jederzeit weiter veröffentlichen.</cite></p>
<p><cite title="Verfügung des Verlaggebers, § 382 (Abs. 2 &amp; 3) Obligationenrecht"><sup>3</sup> Beiträge an Sammelwerke oder grössere Beiträge an Zeitschriften darf der Verlaggeber nicht vor Ablauf von drei Monaten nach dem vollständigen Erscheinen des Beitrages weiter veröffentlichen.</cite></p></blockquote>
<p>Quelle: <a title="Art. 382 Obligationenrecht" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/220/a382.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/220/a382.html</a></p>
<p>Siehe dazu auch die Position der Schweizerischen Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften (SAGW) zu Open Access unter <a title="Position der SAGW zu Open Access" href="http://www.sagw.ch/sagw/laufende-projekte/open-access/oa-positionsagw.html" target="_blank">http://www.sagw.ch/sagw/laufende-projekte/open-access/oa-positionsagw.html</a></p>

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		<title>Preview to the upcoming publication on &#8220;Learning with shared videos&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/04/preview-to-the-upcoming-publication-on-learning-with-shared-videos/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2012/03/04/preview-to-the-upcoming-publication-on-learning-with-shared-videos/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Mar 2012 12:34:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[new learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=426</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The following presentations are preparatory to the upcoming publication: Learning with shared Videos &#160; Lernen mit geteilten Videos &#160; Audioaufzeichnung: Lernen mit geteilten Videos (mp3) Your browser does not support the audio tag.]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The following presentations are preparatory to the upcoming publication: 
<div class="zp-Zotpress">

<span class="ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL" style="display:none;">http://www.klaus-rummler.de/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/</span>

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  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K., &amp; Wolf, K. D. (2012). Lernen mit geteilten Videos: aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nutzung, Produktion und Publikation von online-Videos durch Jugendliche. In W. S&uuml;tzl, F. Stalder, R. Meier, &amp; T. Hug (Eds.), <i>MEDIA, KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION: Cultures and Ethics of Sharing. MEDIEN &ndash; WISSEN &ndash; BILDUNG: Kulturen und Ethiken des Teilens</i> (pp. 253&ndash;266). Universit&auml;t Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press. Retrieved from <a title='Lernen mit geteilten Videos: aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nutzung, Produktion und Publikation von online-Videos durch Jugendliche' rel='external' href='http://www.uibk.ac.at/iup/buch_pdfs/9783902811745.pdf'>http://www.uibk.ac.at/iup/buch_pdfs/9783902811745.pdf</a></div>
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</p>
<div id="__ss_11769408" style="width: 595px;"><strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"><a title="Learning with shared Videos" href="http://www.slideshare.net/KlausR/learning-with-shared-videos" target="_blank">Learning with shared Videos</a></strong> <object id="__sse11769408" width="595" height="497" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><param name="src" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=presentationlondonmetru2012-01-11-120227091146-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=learning-with-shared-videos&amp;userName=KlausR" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed id="__sse11769408" width="595" height="497" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=presentationlondonmetru2012-01-11-120227091146-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=learning-with-shared-videos&amp;userName=KlausR" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" wmode="transparent" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" /> </object></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div id="__ss_10255906" style="width: 595px;"><strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"><a title="Lernen mit geteilten Videos" href="http://www.slideshare.net/KlausR/lernen-mit-geteilten-videos" target="_blank">Lernen mit geteilten Videos</a></strong> <object id="__sse10255906" width="595" height="497" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><param name="src" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=praesentationmwb2011-11-18e-111121092805-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=lernen-mit-geteilten-videos&amp;userName=KlausR" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed id="__sse10255906" width="595" height="497" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=praesentationmwb2011-11-18e-111121092805-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=lernen-mit-geteilten-videos&amp;userName=KlausR" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" wmode="transparent" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" /> </object></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://media.brainity.com/uibk2/mwb2011/images/audio/Rummler-Lernen_mit_geteilten_Videos.mp3" target="_blank">Audioaufzeichnung: Lernen mit geteilten Videos (mp3)</a></p>
<p><audio width="300" height="32" preload="auto" controls="controls"><source src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2012/06/Rummler-Lernen_mit_geteilten_Videos.ogg" type="audio/ogg" /><source src="http://media.brainity.com/uibk2/mwb2011/images/audio/Rummler-Lernen_mit_geteilten_Videos.mp3" type="audio/mp3" />Your browser does not support the audio tag.</audio></p>

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		<title>Drawing with HTML5 canvas: New ways of visualisations</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/19/drawing-with-html5-canvas-new-ways-of-visualisations/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/19/drawing-with-html5-canvas-new-ways-of-visualisations/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Feb 2011 10:59:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTML5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stats]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=299</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[HTML5 now uses the element &#60;canvas&#62; which allows the instant creation of SVG-like graphics. The contents of the &#60;canvas&#62; element may be manipulated by javascript at any time. This implies a whole set of new opportunities. General explanations, tutorials and definitions for &#60;canvas&#62; http://www.tutorialspoint.com/html5/html5_canvas.htm http://diveintohtml5.org/canvas.html https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Canvas_tutorial http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-canvas-element.html http://www.html5canvastutorials.com http://www.canvasdemos.com A &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>HTML5 now uses the element <code>&lt;canvas&gt;</code> which allows the instant creation of SVG-like graphics. The contents of the <code>&lt;canvas&gt;</code> element may be manipulated by javascript at any time. This implies a whole set of new opportunities.</p>
<p>General explanations, tutorials and definitions for <code>&lt;canvas&gt;</code></p>
<p><a href="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/html5/html5_canvas.htm" target="_blank">http://www.tutorialspoint.com/html5/html5_canvas.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://diveintohtml5.org/canvas.html" target="_blank">http://diveintohtml5.org/canvas.html</a><br />
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Canvas_tutorial" target="_blank">https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Canvas_tutorial</a><br />
<a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-canvas-element.html" target="_blank">http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-canvas-element.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.html5canvastutorials.com" target="_blank">http://www.html5canvastutorials.com</a><br />
<a href="http://www.canvasdemos.com" target="_blank">http://www.canvasdemos.com</a></p>
<p>A quite concrete usage example is drawing charts and graphs on the fly using data.</p>
<p>A starter: Creating a bar chart with canvas<br />
<a href="http://www.html5laboratory.com/creating-a-bar-chart-with-canvas.php" target="_blank">http://www.html5laboratory.com/creating-a-bar-chart-with-canvas.php</a></p>
<p>Digging further into it:<br />
Now let&#8217;s have some data and put it in a scollable and zoomable timeline<br />
<a href="http://www.tickerplot.com/" target="_blank">http://www.tickerplot.com/</a></p>
<p>Even better: Let&#8217;s some functions and display them on a canvas, again scollable and zoomable<br />
<a href="http://www.snappymaria.com/canvas/FunctionPlotter.html" target="_blank">http://www.snappymaria.com/canvas/FunctionPlotter.html</a></p>
<p>A whole framework for HTML5 charts: RGraph<br />
See examples here: <a href="http://www.rgraph.net/examples/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.rgraph.net/examples/index.html</a><br />
The documentation is here:<a href="http://www.rgraph.net/docs/index.html" target="_blank"> http://www.rgraph.net/docs/index.html</a></p>
<p>Why would we want to do this. As with increasing availability of data, be usage date for website, social platforms or statistical data like the Eurostat data sets, we need to be able to visualise this data and especially draw conclusions from this. The Educause Horizon Reports <a href="http://www.educause.edu/node/195400" target="_blank">2010</a> and <a href="http://www.educause.edu/node/223122" target="_blank">2011</a> have pointed out on this.<br />
Graham Attwell in his recent blog post puts it a little further. Drawing conclusions and making statements or even decisions from data or visualisations might essentially be about storytelling with data:</p>
<blockquote><p>And the hardest task of all is the storyboarding. At the end of the day we are trying to tell stories with data: TEBOs are a storytelling and exploration approach to learning. So for each TEBO I intend to make a short video explaining the key concepts and showing the various visualizations. We will also provide access to the raw data and to static versions of the graphing, along with explanatory notes. And for each TEBO we will try to construct an interactive visualisation tool, allowing learners to play with the data and displays. (From <a href="http://www.pontydysgu.org/2011/02/story-telling-with-data/" target="_blank">http://www.pontydysgu.org/2011/02/story-telling-with-data/</a>)</p></blockquote>
<p>But I think it&#8217;s necessary to go beyond storytelling as data and their visualisations &#8211; as well as narratives &#8211; need to be interpreted in order to make decisions based upon these conclusions. So my assumption is that we might need to suggest some decisions along with the narratives we are delivering. In practice this might mean to deliver 3 bullet points with potential decisions along with visualisations of data.</p>

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		<title>One event per decade changing the world</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/11/one-event-per-decade-chanching-the-world/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/11/one-event-per-decade-chanching-the-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Feb 2011 08:28:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Theorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[decades]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ruptures]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sociology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[theories]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=269</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Isn&#8217;t it astonishing that, in recent history, we are whitnessing one major event or process in each decade that changes the world and the way we percieve our culture: 1960s: the sudent movement in the 1960s changed our culture dramatically, not quiet ad hoc, but compared to 2011 we could &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Isn&#8217;t it astonishing that, in recent history, we are whitnessing one major event or process in each decade that changes the world and the way we percieve our culture:</p>
<p>1960s: the sudent movement in the 1960s changed our culture dramatically, not quiet ad hoc, but compared to 2011 we could not imagine to live without the gains of the hippies and APO-movement.</p>
<p>1970s: oil crisis, RAF, &#8216;German autumn&#8217;</p>
<p>1980: Tschernobyl in 1984: Risk society (Beck, Ulrich: Risikogesellschaft)</p>
<p>1990s: Change of eastern countries, German reunion in 1990: Schulze, Gerhard: Erlebnisgesellschaft</p>
<p>During the 1990s: popular cultures</p>
<p>2001: 9/11 Rise of the network society, new era of risk society, .com crisis (which actually culminated in 2008)</p>
<p>2011: #Egypt: Maybe we are now whitnessing the start of the change of the Arab world.</p>
<p>Future:<br />
2021: Change of the asian and especially the Chinese world.</p>
<p>What about changes in Latin America or even in the US?</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure if my statement is correct, but it&#8217;s astonishing that in almost every decade certain ruptures take place hat seem to settle then afterwards and even Sociology reacts to these ruptures by delivering the according books and theories afterwards.</p>

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		<title>De-construction: Blogsoftware and useful components</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/09/de-construction-blogsoftware-and-useful-components/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/09/de-construction-blogsoftware-and-useful-components/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Feb 2011 07:51:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plugins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=253</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This blog is run by wordpress (multisite installation), there&#8217;s also buddypress running. Some posts are simply filled by Hungryfeed, populating the post with an RSS feed&#8217;s content (Inline RSS feed plugin for WordPress). Very useful for dynamically putting together RSS feeds: pipes.yahoo.com Yahoo.Pipes provides a useful interface and makes it &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This blog is run by wordpress (multisite installation), there&#8217;s also buddypress running.</p>
<p>Some posts are simply filled by <a title="Hungryfeed" href="http://verysimple.com/products/hungryfeed/" target="_blank">Hungryfeed</a>, populating the post with an RSS feed&#8217;s content (Inline RSS feed plugin for WordPress).<br />
Very useful for dynamically putting together RSS feeds: <a title="Pipes" href="http://pipes.yahoo.com/" target="_blank">pipes.yahoo.com</a> Yahoo.Pipes provides a useful interface and makes it quite easy to put things together. The documetation is rather bad and needs enhancement. Did you know that Pipes exists since 2005.</p>
<p><a title="WiKi" href="http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wpmediawiki/" target="_blank">WiKi plugin for using and re-formatting WiKi code (MediaWiki Markup for WordPress)</a>. Very useful for this is <a title="Sun Wiki Publisher" href="http://extensions.services.openoffice.org/project/wikipublisher" target="_blank">OpenOffice&#8217;s extension to export a structured text as WiKi code</a>. A .txt file will be produced and its content can simlpy be copied and pasted into the post. Please note that some WP code conflicts with WiKi code. In order to avoid conflicts use <code>&lt;nowiki&gt;around&lt;/nowiki&gt;</code> the resp text. (In order to get this code-style, you need to htmlencode the characters e.g. at <a href="http://www.opinionatedgeek.com/dotnet/tools/htmlencode/encode.aspx">http://www.opinionatedgeek.com/dotnet/tools/htmlencode/encode.aspx</a>)</p>

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		<title>Keine Bildung ohne Medien! AG Medienbildung und soziale Ungleichheit</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/08/keine-bildung-ohne-medien-ag-medienbildung-und-soziale-ungleichheit/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/08/keine-bildung-ohne-medien-ag-medienbildung-und-soziale-ungleichheit/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2011 23:02:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tagungen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISCED]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[milieus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ungleichheit]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=243</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Zusammen mit Stefan Welling leite ich die Arbeitsgruppe &#8216;Medienbildung und soziale Ungleichheit&#8217; im Rahmen des Medienkongresses &#8216;Keine Bildung ohne Medien&#8217; am 24. und 25. März 2011 in Berlin. Unser Statement dazu: Welling, Stefan; Rummler, Klaus: Digitale Medien und soziale Ungleichheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Auszug: &#8220;Selbstverständlich kann der verstärkte (pädagogisch &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/b7fea5164bf54ee38c8e2a095cdcc260" alt="" width="1" height="1" /><br />
Zusammen mit <a title="Stefan Welling" href="http://www.ifib.de/ueber-uns-team-detail.html?id=65&amp;detail=Dr.%20Stefan%20Welling" target="_blank">Stefan Welling</a> leite ich die <a href="http://keine-bildung-ohne-medien.mixxt.de/networks/groups/AGMedienbildungundsozialeUngleichheitKinderundJugendlicheausbenachteiligendenVerhltnissenbesserfrdern/index" target="_blank">Arbeitsgruppe &#8216;Medienbildung und soziale Ungleichheit&#8217;</a> im Rahmen des Medienkongresses &#8216;Keine Bildung ohne Medien&#8217; am 24. und 25. März 2011 in Berlin.</p>
<p>Unser Statement dazu:</p>
<p><strong>Welling, Stefan; Rummler, Klaus</strong>: <em>Digitale Medien und soziale Ungleichheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen</em>.</p>
<p>Auszug:<br />
&#8220;Selbstverständlich kann der verstärkte (pädagogisch motivierte) Einsatz  digitaler Medien soziale Ungleichheiten und strukturelle  Bildungsbenachteiligungen nicht beseitigen. Die Mediennutzung in  bildungsrelevanten Kontexten kann aber durchaus dazu beitragen, dass  Kinder und Jugendliche aus benachteiligenden Verhältnissen Erfahrungen  machen und Einsichten gewinnen sowie Fertigkeiten und Kompetenzen  erwerben, die geeignet sind, ihre Selbstwirksamkeit, ihr  Selbstbewusstsein und ihre Möglichkeiten gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe zu  verbessern. Das sind wichtige Schritte, um individuelle  Benachteiligungslagen zu überwinden&#8230;.&#8221;</p>
<p>Vollständiger Text unter: <a href="http://www.vision-loom.net/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=text_medienbildung_und_soziale_ungleichheit" target="_blank">http://www.vision-loom.net/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=text_medienbildung_und_soziale_ungleichheit</a></p>
<p>Im Rahmen der AG wird es vier Statements geben, um einzelne der hier aufgeworfenen Aspekte zu konkretisieren:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div><strong>Prof. Dr. Niesyto, Horst</strong>:  <em>Milieusensible Medienkompetenzförderung &#8211; bildungspolitische  Forderungen</em>. Pädagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg, <a title="http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/1024.html" href="http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/1024.html">http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/1024.html</a></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><strong>Suna, Laura</strong> (M.A.): <em>Bildung als  mediatisierte Vernetzungschance für Jugendliche aus  Migrationsgemeinschaften in Deutschland</em>. Universität Bremen, IMKI,  Institut für Medien, Kommunikation und Information, wissenschaftliche  Mitarbeiterin, <a title="http://www.imki.uni-bremen.de" href="http://www.imki.uni-bremen.de/">http://www.imki.uni-bremen.de</a></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><strong>Vetter, Verena</strong>: <em> Lebensweltorientierte Jugend(medien-)bildung im Kontext von Web 2.0 mit  besonderem Blick auf benachteiligte Jugendliche</em>. Amt für Soziale Arbeit  Wiesbaden, Abteilung Jugendarbeit</div>
</li>
<li><strong>Kheir El Din, Mona</strong>: <em>Medienbildung für Eltern mit Migrationshintergrund:  Chancen und Herausforderungen.</em> Fachstelle für interkulturelle Bildung  und Beratung &#8211; FiBB e.V. <a title="http://www.fibb-ev.de" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fibb-ev.de/">http://www.fibb-ev.de</a></li>
</ul>

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		<title>Things you can do with HTML5</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/08/things-you-can-do-with-html5/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/02/08/things-you-can-do-with-html5/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2011 21:10:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTML5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=211</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[projective-video This is cool. Transform and project a video onto a real 3d grid. This looks as you can easily reproduce this on your own site. Sample: http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/ Directory with sources (plus look at the source code of above&#8217;s website): http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/projective-video/index_files/ Presentations as audio + video + slides This project &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>projective-video</strong><br />
This is cool. Transform and project a video onto a real 3d grid. This looks as you can easily reproduce this on your own site.<br />
Sample: <a href="http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/" target="_blank">http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/</a><br />
Directory with sources (plus look at the source code of above&#8217;s website): <a href="http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/projective-video/index_files/" target="_blank">http://wiki.techfandu.org/eduvid/projective-video/index_files/</a></p>
<p><strong>Presentations as audio + video + slides</strong><br />
This project looks promising, reminds me of <a href="http://www.lecturnity.de" target="_blank">lecturnity</a> and its beginnings<br />
<a href="http://eduvid.techfandu.org/" target="_blank">http://eduvid.techfandu.org/</a></p>
<p><strong>Video as canvas</strong><br />
Imagine the HTML5 as a canvas where you can draw things on. The following blog lists some interesting things like the JavaScript audio synthesis. I wish to see e.g. mathematical graphs being plotted into a video according to a LaTeX math formula.<br />
<a href="http://acko.net/tag/canvas" target="_blank">http://acko.net/tag/canvas</a></p>
<p><strong>Instant on-the-fly green screening</strong><br />
<a title="green screening" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/samples/video/chroma-key/index.xhtml" target="_self">https://developer.mozilla.org/samples/video/chroma-key/index.xhtml</a><br />
Just have a look at the source code of the page &#8211; you&#8217;ll get it quickly</p>
<p><strong>HTML5 &lt;audio&gt;<br />
</strong><a title="HTML5 drumkit" href="http://www.randomthink.net/labs/html5drums" target="_blank">http://www.randomthink.net/labs/html5drums</a><br />
Audio drumkit made with HTML5 &#8211; even I could built something that sounds, hmm, not too bad:<br />
<a href="http://www.randomthink.net/labs/html5drums/#01100110011001100000000000000000100010001000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001100110011001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000|120" target="_blank">http://www.randomthink.net/labs/html5drums/&#8230;</a></p>
<p><strong>HTML5 at it&#8217;s current best state</strong><br />
Technically very interesting and nice interface design<br />
<a href="http://www.qwiki.com/" target="_blank">http://www.qwiki.com/</a><br />
A wikipedia which is based on video &#8211; try this, it&#8217;s fun!</p>
<p>And the framework for this:<br />
<a href="http://www.rebelliouspixels.com/2011/html5-dynamic-video-remix-using-popcornjs" target="_blank">http://www.rebelliouspixels.com/2011/html5-dynamic-video-remix-using-popcornjs</a><br />
explains in an exciting post about annotations in HTML5. Note the links in the post to popcorn.js framework.</p>
<p>The background of popcorn is the Mozilla-project <a href="http://www.drumbeat.org/webmademovies" target="_blank">http://www.drumbeat.org/webmademovies</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>General links</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Generally covering HTML5: <a href="http://openvideoalliance.org/" target="_blank">http://openvideoalliance.org/</a></li>
<li>Conference on HTML5: <a href="http://remixcinema.org" target="_blank">http://remixcinema.org</a></li>
<li>Blog on HTML5: <a href="http://osvideo.constantvzw.org" target="_blank">http://osvideo.constantvzw.org</a></li>
<li>News and video marketing: <a href="http://www.reelseo.com/video" target="_blank">http://www.reelseo.com/video</a></li>
</ul>

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		<title>My recent recommendations from SpringerLink</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/30/springerlink/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/30/springerlink/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Jan 2011 16:14:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[springerlink]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=179</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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<div class="hungryfeed_items">
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h7hr67/" >Medienwelten im Wandel</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h7hr67/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Medienwelten im Wandel</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19049-5</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-18436-4 (Print) 978-3-531-19049-5 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Christine W. Wijnen, Wien, &Ouml;sterreich</li>
<li>Sascha Tr&uuml;ltzsch, Salzburg, &Ouml;sterreich</li>
<li>Christina Ortner, Salzburg, &Ouml;sterreich</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: November 3, 2012, 6:24 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/px4271/" >Computergestützte Analyse von audiovisuellen Medienprodukten</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/px4271/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Computergest&uuml;tzte Analyse von audiovisuellen Medienprodukten</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19459-2</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19458-5 (Print) 978-3-531-19459-2 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Authors</span><ul>
<li>Christofer Jost, Universit&auml;t Basel, Basel, Schweiz</li>
<li>Daniel Klug, Universit&auml;t Basel, Basel, Schweiz</li>
<li>Axel Schmidt, Universit&auml;t Basel, Basel, Schweiz</li>
<li>Klaus Neumann-Braun, Universit&auml;t Basel, Basel, Schweiz</li>
<li>Armin Reautschnig, Wien, &Ouml;sterreich</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/x03239/">Qualitative Sozialforschung</a></span>
</li>
	</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series Volume </span><span>Volume 22</span>
</li>
	</ul>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: November 3, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/u46hq1/" >Fokus Intersektionalität</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/u46hq1/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Fokus Intersektionalit&auml;t</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19550-6</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19549-0 (Print) 978-3-531-19550-6 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Helma Lutz, Goethe Universit&auml;t Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland</li>
<li>Mar&iacute;a Teresa Herrera Vivar, Goethe Universit&auml;t Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland</li>
<li>Linda Supik, Goethe Universit&auml;t Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/m848g1/">Geschlecht und Gesellschaft</a></span>
</li>
	</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series Volume </span><span>Volume 47</span>
</li>
	</ul>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: November 1, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/xw46u8/" >Körper • Geschlecht • Affekt</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/xw46u8/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>K&ouml;rper &bull; Geschlecht &bull; Affekt</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-18998-7</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-18264-3 (Print) 978-3-531-18998-7 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Birgit B&uuml;tow, R&ouml;ttelmisch 7a, Gumperda, 07768 Germany</li>
<li>Ramona Kahl, Wilhelm-R&ouml;pke-Str., Marburg, 35039 Germany</li>
<li>Anna Stach, An den alten Gr&auml;ben 19i, Niederwalgern, 35096 Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: October 28, 2012, 5:04 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/l48872/" >Stratifizierte und segmentierte Öffentlichkeit</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/l48872/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Stratifizierte und segmentierte &Ouml;ffentlichkeit</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-00348-7</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-658-00347-0 (Print) 978-3-658-00348-7 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Kurt Imhof, f&ouml;g-Forschungsbereich, &Ouml;ffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft, Univ. Z&uuml;rich, Andreasstra&szlig;e 15, Z&uuml;rich, 8050 Switzerland</li>
<li>Roger Blum, Alteburger Str. 121, K&ouml;ln, 50678 Germany</li>
<li>Heinz Bonfadelli, Institut f. Publizistikwiss. u., IPMZ, Andreasstra&szlig;e 15, Z&uuml;rich, 8050 Switzerland</li>
<li>Otfried Jarren, Institut f&uuml;r Publizistikwissenschaft und, Medienforschung (IPMZ), Universit&auml;t Z&uuml;rich, Andreasstra&szlig;e 15, Z&uuml;rich, 8050 Switzerland</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p86310/">Mediensymposium</a></span>
</li>
	</ul></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: October 23, 2012, 7:20 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k27442/" >Methoden der empirischen Kommunikationsforschung</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k27442/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Methoden der empirischen Kommunikationsforschung</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher VS Verlag f&uuml;r Sozialwissenschaften</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-94214-8</li>
<li>Copyright 2012</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-17608-6 (Print) 978-3-531-94214-8 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Authors</span><ul>
<li>Hans-Bernd Brosius, Oettingenstr. 67, M&uuml;nchen, 80538 Germany</li>
<li>Alexander Haas, Inst. f. Kommunikationswiss. u. Medienf., Univ. M&uuml;nchen, Oettingenstr. 67, M&uuml;nchen, 80538 Germany</li>
<li>Friederike Koschel, Zum K&uuml;nstlerhof 10, M&uuml;nchen, 80634 Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p3735t/">Studienb&uuml;cher zur Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft</a></span>
</li>
	</ul></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: October 22, 2012, 10:52 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/n03v65/" >Visuelles Wissen und Bilder des Sozialen</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/n03v65/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Visuelles Wissen und Bilder des Sozialen</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19204-8</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19203-1 (Print) 978-3-531-19204-8 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Petra Lucht, Marienstr. 8, Werder/Havel, 14542 Berlin, Germany</li>
<li>Lisa-Marian Schmidt, , Projekt &ldquo;MiNa&ldquo;, Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin, Alice- Salomon-Platz 5, Berlin, 12627 Germany</li>
<li>Ren&eacute; Tuma, Inst. f&uuml;r Soziologie, Tu Berlin, Franklinstra&szlig;e 28-29, Berlin, 10587 Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/r51p51/">Wissen, Kommunikation und Gesellschaft</a></span>
</li>
	</ul></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: October 16, 2012, 5:01 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p48803/" >geo@web</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p48803/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>geo@web</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-18699-3</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-18698-6 (Print) 978-3-531-18699-3 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Inga Gryl, Wei&szlig;enburger Stra&szlig;e 13, Landau, 76829 Germany</li>
<li>Tobias Nehrdich, Leipziger Stra&szlig;e 65, Jena, 07743 Germany</li>
<li>Robert Vogler, Gaswerkgasse 20, Salzburg, 5020 Austria</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: October 4, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p37043/" >Kommunikativer Konstruktivismus</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p37043/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Kommunikativer Konstruktivismus</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19797-5</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19796-8 (Print) 978-3-531-19797-5 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Reiner Keller, Universit&auml;t Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland</li>
<li>Jo Reichertz, Universit&auml;t Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland</li>
<li>Hubert Knoblauch, TU Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/r51p51/">Wissen, Kommunikation und Gesellschaft</a></span>
</li>
	</ul></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: September 28, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/x51113/" >Mega-Event-Macher</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/x51113/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Mega-Event-Macher</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher VS Verlag f&uuml;r Sozialwissenschaften</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19584-1</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19583-4 (Print) 978-3-531-19584-1 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Authors</span><ul>
<li>Ronald Hitzler, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund, 44227 Germany</li>
<li>Gregor Betz, LS f. Soziologie, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 50, Dortmund, 44221 Germany</li>
<li>Gerd M&ouml;ll, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund, 44221 Germany</li>
<li>Arne Niederbacher, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund, 44227 Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/r77v23/">Erlebniswelten</a></span>
</li>
	</ul></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: September 25, 2012, 5:16 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42835/" >Selbstbeobachtung der modernen Gesellschaft und die neuen Grenzen des Sozialen</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42835/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Selbstbeobachtung der modernen Gesellschaft und die neuen Grenzen des Sozialen</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-19691-6</li>
<li>Copyright 2012</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-19690-9 (Print) 978-3-531-19691-6 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Georg Peter, Frankfurter Stra&szlig;e 122, Offenbach, 63067 Germany</li>
<li>Reu&szlig;-Markus Krau&szlig;e, Grusonstr. 3-5, Frankfurt a.M., 60314 Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: September 22, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k4t567/" >Soziologische Bildungsforschung</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k4t567/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Soziologische Bildungsforschung</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-00120-9</li>
<li>Copyright 2012</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-658-00119-3 (Print) 978-3-658-00120-9 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Rolf Becker, Erziehungswissenschaft, Abt. Bildungssoziologie, Universit&auml;t Bern, Muesmattstra&szlig;e 27, Bern, 3012 Switzerland</li>
<li>Heike Solga, Pestalozzistr. 88, Berlin, 10625 Germany</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/m4k883/">K&ouml;lner Zeitschrift f&uuml;r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Sonderhefte</a></span>
</li>
<li>
<span>Print ISSN </span><span>0454-1340</span>
</li>
	</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series Volume </span><span>Volume 52</span>
</li>
	</ul>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: September 20, 2012, 5:00 pm</div>
</div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item">
<div class="hungryfeed_item_title"><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/g4w020/" >Urbane Spielräume</a></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_description"><table><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.springerlink.com/content/g4w020/cover-medium.gif"></td>
<td valign="top">
<p>Urbane Spielr&auml;ume</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Content Type </span><span>Book</span>
</li>
<li>Publisher Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</li>
<li>DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-94082-3</li>
<li>Copyright 2013</li>
<li>ISBN 978-3-531-17756-4 (Print) 978-3-531-94082-3 (Online)</li>
<li>
<span>Editors</span><ul>
<li>Fabian Kessl, Universit&auml;tsstr. 25, Essen, 45141 Germany</li>
<li>Christian Reutlinger, Industriestr. 35, Rorschach, 9401 Switzerland</li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series </span><span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/w15418/">Sozialraumforschung und Sozialraumarbeit</a></span>
</li>
	</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<span>Book Series Volume </span><span>Volume 8</span>
</li>
	</ul>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="hungryfeed_item_date">Posted: September 5, 2012, 5:38 am</div>
</div>
</div>


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		<title>Bildungschancen des Handys in alltagsästhetisch geprägten Jugendkulturen</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/bildungschancen-des-handys-in-alltagsasthetisch-gepragten-jugendkulturen/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/bildungschancen-des-handys-in-alltagsasthetisch-gepragten-jugendkulturen/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 22:31:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISCED]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[milieus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mobile devices]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://media-education-culture.net/klausrummler/?p=73</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Veröffentlicht in: Die Ausstattung mobiler Geräte – z.B. von Handys oder portablen Spielekonso­len – hat in den letzten Jahren einen erstaunlichen Umfang erreicht. Mit Handys kann man längst nicht mehr nur telefonieren oder kurze Nachrichten versenden. Dass Foto- und Videokameras in die Handys wanderten, erweiterte deren Funktionsumfang stark; die Möglichkeit, &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/00fafc4d4b3249669ef66911e4656ad5" alt="" width="1" height="1" /><br />
Veröffentlicht in:<br />

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      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rel="apa" class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 2; padding-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K. (2009). Mobilkommunikation und soziale Segmentation. In K.-U. Hugger (Ed.), <i>Digitale Jugendkulturen</i> (pp. 251&ndash;264). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag f&uuml;r Sozialwissenschaften.</div>
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<p>Die Ausstattung mobiler Geräte – z.B. von Handys oder portablen Spielekonso­len – hat in den letzten Jahren einen erstaunlichen Umfang erreicht. Mit Handys kann man längst nicht mehr nur telefonieren oder kurze Nachrichten versenden. Dass Foto- und Videokameras in die Handys wanderten, erweiterte deren Funktionsumfang stark; die Möglichkeit, von Handys Musik­dateien abzuspie­len, schloss geradezu selbstverständlich daran an. Eine weitere Entwickung in diese Richtung ist, dass Nutzer mittels der Geopositio­nierungs-Funk­tion (GPS) ihren Standort bestimmen und den genauen Aufnahmestandort z.B. in den aufgenommenen Fotos weiterverarbeiten können.</p>
<p>Man sollte aber nicht davon ausgehen, dass alle Jugendlichen von dieser schönen neuen Welt profitieren. Die JIM-Studie 2008 berichtet, dass jeder zwanzigste Jugendliche kein Handy hat (Feierabend/Rathgeb 2008, S. 59). Auch die Nutzung der Handyanwendungen ist laut JIM-Studie nicht so vielfältig, wie es die Liste der Ausstattungsmerkmale neuer Handys verspricht. Kurznachrich­ten (SMS) zu erhalten und zu versenden, gehört dabei, neben dem Telefonieren, zu den wichtigsten Eigenschaften des Handys. Funktionen wie Foto, Video oder MP3-Player folgen laut der JIM-Studie 2008 erst auf den mittleren Rangplätzen (ebd., S. 63).</p>
<p>Im medienpädagogischen Interesse sollte es liegen, die spezifischen Poten­ziale herauszuarbeiten, die das Handy mit seinen Anwendungen den Jugend­li­chen bietet. Anders gefragt bedeutet das: Welche Potenziale für die Förderung der Handlungskompetenzen zur Alltagsbewältigung stecken in Handyanwen­dungen und wie sind diese in die kulturelle Praxis Jugendlicher eingebunden.</p>
<p>Mit einem kulturtheoretisch geprägten Rahmen in der Perspektive der Medienpädagogik will der folgende Artikel genauer auf Handynutzungsmuster Jugendlicher blicken. Dabei steht das Konzept der sozialen Segmentierung (Milieus) und der Lifestyles bzw. der Alltagsästhetik als zentrales Moment der Orientierung in der Alltagswelt im Mittelpunkt. Der Lifestyle der Jugendlichen steht dabei in einem funktionalen Zusammenhang mit Schulabschlüssen, Annahmen von Bildung und Lernen (auch informelles Lernen), der Wahl der Handymarke und schließlich auch dem Umgang mit speziellen Handyfunktionen sowie den sich daraus ergebenden Handynutzungsmustern.</p>
<h1>1. Aneignung ›mobiler‹ kultureller Ressourcen</h1>
<p>Leitsatz und Ziel der Medienpädagogik ist, dass Medien Ressourcen zur gesell­schaftlichen Teilhabe, zur Alltagsbewältigung und zum Lernen sind. Es geht darum, Menschen Zugang zur kulturellen Ressource &#8221;Medien&#8221; zu verschaffen, um deren Medien- und Handlungskompetenz als Grundlage ihrer Medienbildung zu entfalten. Es gilt, die spezifische Handlungskompetenz zu entdecken, die Ju­gendliche in ihrer Medienaneignung entwickeln, ihnen Räume zu bieten, diese Handlungskompetenz zu erweitern und dabei Bildung zu erfahren und zu ent­falten (vgl. Bachmair 2009). Um diese Praxis der Medienaneignung der Ju­gend­lichen zu entdecken, scheint es sinnvoll, einen kulturtheoretischen Ansatz zu verfolgen, mit dem es möglich ist, die produktive Leistung der Jugendlichen und die darin angelegte Handlungskompetenz wahrzunehmen, die Jugendliche inner­halb der sozio-kulturellen, gesellschaftlichen und technologischen Strukturen sowie mit Blick auf gemeinsame kulturelle Alltagsroutinen entwickeln. In der pädagogischen Per­spektive geht es dann darum, ihre Handlungskompetenz zu bestärken und zu för­dern und ihnen zumindest teilweise gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu ermöglichen.</p>
<h2>1.1 Handlungskompetenz als aktive Gestaltung von Kultur</h2>
<h3>Das Verständnis von Kultur</h3>
<p>Rainer Winter definiert Kultur in diesem Zusammenhang als ein Netzwerk eingelagerter Praktiken und Darstellungen (Repräsentationen). Sie sei »der Ort, an dem Machtverhältnisse stabilisiert, aber auch in Frage gestellt und verändert werden können« (Winter 2004, S. 2). Brigitte Hipfl hebt ebenfalls die Macht­stellung der Medien hervor, indem sie »Kultur als eine Arena umkämpfter Bedeutungen, als einen Raum, in dem bestimmte Institutionen (wie etwa die Medien) als sozial legitimierte Einrichtungen Bedeutungen produzieren und in Umlauf setzen« beschreibt (Hipfl 2004, S. 2). Ben Bachmair hebt in seinem Buch &#8221;Fernsehkultur&#8221; besonders den Aspekt der Gestaltung hervor, indem er Kultur als »Gestaltung, und zwar nicht nur symbolische Gestaltung von Texten oder Bildern, sondern auch die Gestaltung sozialer Beziehungen, von Kommunikation und Alltag« definiert (Bachmair 1996, S. 19). In seinem aktuellen Buch mit dem Untertitel »Medienbildung in riskanten Erlebniswelten« definiert er Kultur mit Bezug auf Stuart Hall als »gemeinsame Sinnstiftung und gemeinsamer Bedeutungsfundus einer Gesellschaft sowie als deren gesamte Lebensweise« (Bachmair 2009, S. 20). Auch hier steht Kultur als der aktiv gestaltbare (semiotische) Raum einer Gesellschaft im Vordergrund, der, fügt man die Definitionen von Winter und Hipfl hinzu, auch von symbolisch her­gestellten und vermittelten, institutionellen und industriellen Machtverhältnissen geprägt ist.</p>
<h3>Empowerment und Pleasures als pädagogischer Ansatzpunkt</h3>
<p>Aus Sicht der kulturtheoretisch geprägten Medienpädagogik geht es nun darum, »Medien in ihrem sozio-kulturellen Kontext verstehbar zu machen und die notwendigen kritischen Fragen zu stellen« (Hipfl 2004, S. 2) sowie »im Sinne des Empowerments das Handeln der Subjekte zu unterstützen« (Moser 2004, S. 15). Das handelnde Subjekt steht im Vordergrund der Medienpädagogik – mit dem Ziel, seine Handlungskompetenz zu stärken, um zu »einer Ermächtigung der Menschen hinsichtlich der Einflussnahme auf Strukturen und Machtverhält­nisse, die ihr Leben bestimmen« zu gelangen (Hipfl 2004, S. 2). Laut Rainer Winter »gilt das pädagogische Interesse von Cultural Studies aber primär den Bedeutungen und Vergnügungen, die Personen und Gruppen helfen können, ihre Interessen zu artikulieren, Freiräume zu entfalten, Fluchtlinien zu finden und ihre Handlungsmächtigkeit zu erweitern« (Winter 2004, S. 6). Es gilt, die Jugendli­chen mit ihrer Handlungskompetenz, ihrem Alltagslernen und mit ihrem Expertenwissen in Bezug auf z.B. ihre eigenen Handys ernst zu nehmen. Sie sollen Unterstützung bei ihren Vergnügungen (»Pleasures«) erfahren, die John Fiske zusammen mit der Herstellung von Bedeutung als konstituierend für die gemeinsame Konstruktion und Zirkulation von Kultur herausstellte. Heinz Moser unterstreicht dabei, dass sich im »Erleben des Vergnügens Widerstand manifestieren« kann, »welcher auf der Eigenleis­tung der Rezipienten beruht« (Moser 2004 mit Verweis auf Hepp 1999, S. 73ff.). Dieses Vergnügen, so Andreas Hepp, ist zentrales Ziel jeglicher Medienaneig­nung. Er unterscheidet dabei in Anlehnung an John Fiske evasives, provokatives und eher körperlich ausgerichtetes Vergnügen, das als aktive Aneignungsleistung und als Widerstand gegen disziplinierenden Mainstream verstanden wird. Dem steht das bedeutungsstiftende Vergnügen gegenüber, das eher einer reflektierten Medienaneignung entspricht, die relevant und funktional für die eigene Alltags- und Lebensbewältigung ist: »Relevanz impliziert dabei, dass sie in einem direkten Bezug zu der alltäglichen sozialen Erfahrung des bzw. der Einzelnen stehen. Funktional meint, dass die konstituierenden Bedeutungen darauf bezogen sind, dem eigenen Alltagsleben einen Sinn zu verleihen und das eigene innere oder äußere Handeln zu beeinflussen« (Hepp 2004, S. 75). In dieser Spannung vollzieht sich auch die Aneignung des Handys, es einerseits zum Musikhören und Tanzen als körperliches Vergnügen zu verwenden und es andererseits z.B. mit seinem Wecker oder Kalender zur Bewältigung alltäglicher Termine zu verwenden. Möglicherweise gelangt man über den Begriff des Vergnügens, auch im alltagssprachlichen Sinne von Spaß, an An­sätze für medienpädagogische Förderung von Handlungskompetenz bzw. an die Förderung von Medienkompetenz als kulturell situierter Handlungskompetenz, deren Entfaltung sich zentral vor dem Hintergrund von Spaß und Vergnügen abspielt.</p>
<h2>1.2 Die Strukturdimension Alltagsästhetik. Ausgewählte Beiträge der Soziologie zur kulturtheoretisch geprägten Medienpädagogik</h2>
<p>Vom Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis heute hat sich ein radikaler Wandel vollzogen. Die Individuen können sich nicht mehr auf tradierte Sozialformen wie die obligatorische zweigeschlechtliche Ehe und die daraus resultierende Familie mit mehreren Kindern oder auf Vorsorgeverhältnisse wie eine staatliche Rente verlassen. Sichere Zuordnungen zu Schicht und Klasse sind nicht mehr gültig, und scheinbar vorgegebene Lebensläufe und Berufskarrieren müssen nunmehr selbst gestaltet werden. Sicher und beständig geglaubte allgemein verbindliche Bedeutungen, die Orientierung lieferten, zerfallen und obliegen der Deutung und Ausgestaltung eines jeden Einzelnen. Die Menschen werden somit genötigt, sich zu reintegrieren, ihre Lebensformen selbst zu wählen. Ulrich Beck beschreibt diese neuen Unsicherheiten 1986 als &#8221;Risikogesellschaft&#8221;. Gerhard Schulze weitet diese Sichtweise 1993 aus, indem er mit dem Begriff &#8221;Erlebnisgesellschaft&#8221; beschreibt, wie der alltägliche Konsum und die Ästhetik der Waren den Kern der Orientierung in der Alltagswelt ausmachen. Nachdem Ulrich Beck beschrieben hatte, wie durch Enttraditionalisierung gesellschaftliche Risiken auf jeden Einzelnen übertragen werden, dadurch eine Individualisierung des Einzelnen notwendig wurde, beschreibt Gerhard Schulze, dass diese Individuen durch den Konsum und über die Alltagsästhetik wieder zu sozialen Segmenten zusammenfinden: »Es entwickelt sich ein Geflecht von Gemeinsamkeiten: alltagsästhetische Schemata, soziale Milieus, typische Existenzformen, existentielle Anschauungsweisen, Rationalitätstypen, Zeichenkosmen, Szenen« (Schulze 1993, S. 35). Das eigene Erleben und das eigene alltagsästhetische Schema bieten demnach die Orientierung in der Gesellschaft. Pierre Bourdieu hat wenige Jahre zuvor in seinem Buch »La Distinction« (1979, dt.: »Die feinen Unterschiede«, 1982) beschrieben, wie die oben skizzierte Handlungskompetenz sich zum Habitus kumuliert. Er beschreibt dabei auch, dass dieses Zusam­men­finden ähnlicher Geschmäcker bzw. alltagsästhetischer Schemata der sozialen Abgrenzung, der Verortung der eigenen Person innerhalb der Gesellschaft dient. Soziale Segmente (Milieus) sind also Cluster, in die sich Gesellschaft gliedert; sie sind Haufen, zu denen sich Menschen mit ähnlichem Habitus zusammmen­finden und darin von anderen abgrenzen. Sie bieten dennoch keinen Schutz vor dem Risiko (mit Verweis auf U. Beck), sich innerhalb des Orientierungsschemas &#8221;Alltagsästhetik&#8221; falsch zu entscheiden, sich z.B. das falsche Handy zu kaufen, sich falsch oder unangemessen zu kleiden oder sich in Abhängigkeit von Situation oder sozialer Rahmung schlecht zu benehmen. Der Lifestyle, der Lebensstil, bzw. die Alltagsästhetik, die Ben Bachmair, als »den stilistisch vielfältig geglie­derten Gesamtzusammenhang von Medien, Waren, Kommunikation und auch Lebensgestaltung« definiert (Bachmair 2009, S. 15), ist also ein wesentlicher Orientie­rungsmechanismus in einer fragmentierten und erlebnisorientierten Gesellschaft.</p>
<h1>2. Hedonistische und postmoderne Lifestyles am Beispiel von Schulabschlüssen und Handynutzung</h1>
<p>Mit der kulturtheoretisch geprägten Medienpädagogik als theoretischem Rahmen gilt es nun, innerhalb der Gesellschaft alltagsästhetische Gruppen auszumachen bzw. die Jugendlichen nach sozialen Segmenten (Milieus) zu gliedern und darin unterschiedliche Aneignungsmuster in Bezug auf mobile Kommunikations­technologien insbeson­dere das Handy zu entdecken. Das Konzept sozialer Seg­mente (Milieus) beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass Gesellschaft nicht einfach nur in vertikal geschichtete Klassen geordnet ist, sondern dass es zudem noch die Ebene der Werteorien­tierung von traditionell bis postmodern gibt. Innerhalb dieses Systems entstehen Einheiten, zu denen sich Menschen mit ähnlichem Lebensstil, Geschmack, ähn­lichen alltagsästhetischen Präferenzen, politischen Vorstellungen verbinden. So entstehen zwei Achsen, zwischen denen sich der soziale Raum zu einer Land­karte der sozialen Milieus aufspannt. Die beiden Hauptwerke, die am Anfang dieser Forschungstradition stehen, sind Flaig/Meyer/Ueltzhöffer (1993) mit »Alltagsästhetik und politische Kultur« und Gerhard Schulzes bereits erwähnte »Erlebnisgesellschaft« (1992).</p>
<h2>2.1 Schulabschlüsse auf der Landkarte der sozialen Segmente</h2>
<p>Welche Tragweite die alltagsästhetische Einordnung der Menschen in soziale Segmente hat, verdeutlicht Abbildung 1. Demnach bedeutet eine alltagsästhe­tische bzw. stilistische Ausrichtung nicht nur, sich bestimmte Kleidung zu kaufen oder einen bestimmten Musikgeschmack zu haben. Sie geht auch mit bestimmten Haltungen und Abgrenzungen gegenüber Menschen einher, die z.B. studiert haben, ein bestimmtes Einkommen haben oder in einer bestimmten beruflichen Position stehen (vgl. Vester 2006). Es geht dabei auch allgemein um milieuabhängige Annahmen von Bildung und Lernen (vgl. z.B. Barz 2000; Tippelt et al. 2003; Barz/Tippelt 2004). Abbildung 1 klassifiziert die 14- bis 24-Jährigen anhand der SIGMA-Milieus und bildet auf diesem Schema die Schulabschlüsse ab. Das SIGMA Institut in Mannheim, unter anderem gegründet von Jörg Ueltzhöffer, liefert seit mehreren Jahren im Rahmen der Verbrau­cherAnalyse der Axel Springer AG und der Bauer Media Group Konsum-, sowie Medien­nutzungsdaten in Bezug auf die sozialen Segmente (Milieus). Für die vorliegende Auswertung wurde die VerbraucherAnalyse 2007/2008 Klassik III Märkte (MDS online 2008) verwendet. Die Grundgesamtheit sind die 14- bis 24-Jährigen deutschsprachigen Jungen und Mädchen in Deutschland. Die Daten beziehen sich auf den höchsten Schul- bzw. Berufsausbildungs­abschluss der Befragten, da die Verbraucheranalyse den Schultypus, den die Schüler aktuell besuchen, nicht spezifiziert. Diese altersmäßige Stichprobenabgrenzung wurde gewählt, da eine Zählung der 14- bis 19-Jährigen sehr viele Schüler beinhalten würde, aber zu wenige, die bereits die Schule verlassen haben. In der Altersspanne 14- bis 24-Jährige sind mehr Personen mit Fachabitur und allgemeiner Hochschulreife enthalten. Eine Grafik in Bezug auf Schulabschlüsse, die nur die 14- bis 19-Jährigen beinhalten würde, schien daher zu wenig aussagekräftig. Die Kategorie Hauptschule konkretisiert nicht, ob die Hauptschule tatsächlich mit einem qualifizierten Abschluss beendet wurde. Der Anteil der Lehrlinge in einer Handwerksausbildung ist in dieser Grafik ebenfalls nicht weiter aufgeschlüsselt.</p>
<p>Abbildung 1: Schul- und Bildungsabschlüsse nach SIGMA-Milieus</p>
<p>Die Zahlen in Klammern geben den Anteil der 14- bis 24-Jährigen in den jewei­ligen Segmenten an der Grundgesamtheit der 14- bis 24-Jährigen an. Die Zahlen außerhalb der Klammern geben den Anteil der Inhaber des jeweiligen Schul­abschlusses an den 14- bis 24-Jährigen im jewei­ligen Segment an. Demnach sind nur 0,4% der 14- bis 24-Jährigen, die nicht Schüler sind, Konsum­materialisten. Den Gegenpol dazu bildet das liberal-intellektuelle Milieu mit 100% Abitur und einem Anteil von nur 0,1% an der Grundgesamtheit. Den traditionellen Segmen­ten (Etabliertes Milieu, Traditionelles bürgerliches Milieu und Traditionelles Arbeitermilieu) wurden keine Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zugeord­net. Etwa ein Drittel der Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ist den Hedo­nisten zuzurechnen, die sich zur Hälfte in Hauptschule, zu gut einem Drittel Mittlere Reife und etwa 14% Abitur aufteilt. Ein weiteres Drittel entfällt auf das moderne Arbeitnehmermilieu. Das postmoderne Milieu ist in Bezug auf die 14-24-Jährigen das drittgrößte Segment.</p>
<p>Die Landkarte verdeutlicht, dass der Besuch der Hauptschule tatsächlich am häufigsten in den unteren sozio-ökonomischen Lagen vorkommt. Desweiteren wird deutlich, welch hohe Relevanz alltagsästhetische Schemata für die Wahl des Schulabschlusses haben.</p>
<h2>2.2 Die Lifestyles der Hedonisten und des postmodernen Milieu</h2>
<p>Die Gruppe der Hedonisten steht in der folgenden Betrachtung im Mittelpunkt, da diese das zweitgrößte (MDS online 2008) bzw. das größte (MDS online 2009) Segment der 14- bis 24-Jährigen ausmachen. Sie sind zudem durch ihre ausgesprochene Spaß-, Genuss- und Erlebnisorientierung diejenigen, für die Mediennutzung dieses widerständige, teilweise provokative und eher körperlich ausgerichtete Vergnügen ist (s. Kap. 1.1). Um dies zu unterstreichen, präsentiert der folgende Abschnitt den Lifestyle und die Handynutzung der Hedonisten, wobei diesen das postmoderne Milieu als drittes großes Segment der Jugendlichen kontrasierend kursorisch gegenüber gestellt wird. Im postmodernen Milieu haben über die Hälfte der Jungen Menschen Abitur, etwas weniger als ein Drittel hat Mittlere Reife und nur rund 10% haben die Hauptschule besucht. Im zahlenmäßigen Bezug auf Schulabschlüsse stellt das postmoderne Milieu also das Gegenstück zu den Hedonisten dar. Sie sind zudem in der sozialen Lage höher angesiedelt, es ist daher auch von mehr Geld auszugehen, das den Haushalten zur Verfügung steht.</p>
<h3>Der Lifestyle der Hedonisten</h3>
<p>Der Lifestyle der Hedonisten ist geprägt vom Widerstand gegen die Mainstream-Gesellschaft, von der Erlebnis- und Genussorientierung, der Suche nach Fun und Action bis hin zu »aggressiven Underdog-Gefühlen gegenüber ihrer Umwelt« (Tippelt et al. 2008, S. 139). Sie sind die »Spaß-orientierte moderne Unter­schicht/untere Mittelschicht« (Tippelt et al. 2003, S. 120), sie verweigern sich den »Konventionen und Verhaltenserwartungen der Leistungsgesellschaft« (ebd.). Sie haben »Spaß an der Provokation der ›Spießer‹«. Sie sind eine sehr heterogene Gruppe, die sich in viele stilistische Szenen und Fangemeinden gliedert. Generell ist ihnen aber gemeinsam, dass sie sich, soweit möglich, nicht dressieren lassen, sich Refugien für unprogrammiertes Leben schaffen und bewahren und dass sie zwischen den Sphären der Selbst- und Fremd­bestimmung pendeln (Wippermann/Calmbach 2008).</p>
<p>In Bezug auf ihre Bildungskarriere sind für die Hedonisten »Abgebrochene und unterbrochene Schul- und Berufsausbildungen« charakteristisch. Sie kritisieren die große Distanz zwischen Schüler und Lehrer und die Distanz zwischen Schüler und Lehrstoff (Barz 2000, S. 80f.). Sich in der Schule »Durchwursteln« (ebd., S. 81) gilt für sie als sportlich zu nehmende Herausforderung. Sie haben ins »Blaue hinein gelernt« und betreiben keine Karriere- und Zukunftsplanung (ebd.).</p>
<p>»Sie konsumieren gern und viel – soweit das ihr limitiertes Budget zulässt. Gemäß ihrem ausgeprägten Unterhaltungsbedürfnis interessieren sie sich für Produkte wie Stereo- und HiFi-Anlagen, Multimedia-Ausstattung, Videos, CDs, aber auch für ›Klamotten‹, Modeschmuck, Uhren, Kosmetik, Duft­wässer, Sportausstattung und -bekleidung, und natürlich Autos und Motorräder« (Tippelt et al. 2003, S. 121). Sie haben »oftmals finanziell lukrative subkulturelle Aktivitäten wie Graffiti-Aufträge oder eine Band-Gründung« (Barz/Tippelt 2004, S. 157).</p>
<p>Die SevenOne Media-Studie (Dannhardt/Nowak 2007, S. 25) beschreibt die Mediennutzung, insbesondere die Nutzung von Informations- und Kommuni­kationstechnologien (ICT) der Hedonisten folgendermaßen:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>»Handy- und PC-Games, Spiel-Sessions im Internet, in denen man gegen­einander kämpft, bieten die starken Reize, den Thrill, der das Leben im Hier und Jetzt interessant macht. Die Hedonisten lieben Angebote, die auditive, visuelle und haptische Reize gleichzeitig bieten, zum Beispiel beim Autorennen am PC mit Lenkrad. Berufliche Nutzungsaspekte spielen kaum eine Rolle.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Die Gestaltung der Geräte oder die Auswahl der Klingeltöne entspricht der eigenen ›krassen‹ Ästhetik und Phantasie: sich Absetzen vom spießigen Mainstream. Markenloyalität ist ein Fremdwort, Flatrates, kostenlose Mail-Accounts, Geiz-ist-geil-Angebote und Raubkopien sind dagegen höchst willkommen.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Die permanente Bestätigung der eigenen Bedeutung und Zugehörigkeit im Freundeskreis wird via Handy, SMS und E-Mail gesichert. Das gilt für die reale Clique ebenso wie für die virtuelle Community. Spezielle Nummernkreise mit speziellen Klingeltönen machen das Handy zum Filter, die ›eigenen Leute‹ von lästigen Anrufern unterscheiden zu können«.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3>Der Lifestyle des postmodernen Milieus</h3>
<p>Die Menschen des postmodernen Milieus sind moderne Performer mit der »Bereitschaft, für die Verwirklichung eigener Ideen bis an die Leistungsgrenzen zu gehen« (Barz/Tippelt 2004, S. 58). Sie sehen sich eher als »unkonventionelle Leis­tungs­elite« (Dannhardt/Nowak 2007, S. 10), die ihre Konventionen und Ziele darauf ausrichtet, »das eigene Ding« durchzuziehen (Dannhardt/Nowak 2007, S. 10 und Barz/Tippelt 2004, S. 60). Sie »leben beruflich und privat Multioptionalität und Flexibilität« aus (ebd., S. 13; vgl. Dannhardt/Nowak 2007, S. 10). Sie machen »Experimente mit unterschiedlichen Lebensstilen« und in­tegrieren Einflüsse aus anderen Kulturen (Dannhardt/Nowak 2007, S. 10).</p>
<p>In Bezug auf Bildung sind sie ehrgeizig. Allgemein- und Fachwissen eignen sie sich praxis- und anwendungsbezogen häufig in informellen Kontexten an. Sie üben offene Kritik an Bildungssystem und Schule an sich, die sie »als eine die Kreativität hemmende und die persönliche Entfaltung einengende Institution« (Barz/Tippelt 2004, S. 60) einschätzen. Um so mehr Bedeutung hat bei ihnen das &#8221;zielgerichtete informelle Lernen:&#8221; »da brauch’ ich kein Seminar, es gibt tausend Bücher« (Zitat eines Befragten in ebd., S. 63).</p>
<h2>2.3 Handynutzung der Hedonisten und des postmodernen Milieus</h2>
<h3>Überblick über die Handynutzung der Hedonisten</h3>
<p>Nur 94,2% der 14- bis 24-Jährigen männlichen Hedonisten haben ein Handy. Das bedeutet, dass man nicht davon ausgehen darf, dass &#8221;alle&#8221; Jugendlichen ein solches Gerät besitzen.</p>
<p>Etwa zwei Drittel derer, die ein Handy haben, haben eine Pre-paid Karte, ein Drittel hat einen Handyvertrag mit monatlich anfallenden Kosten. Etwa 13% benutzen das Handy nur einmal in der Woche oder seltener. Etwa die Hälfte der 14- bis 24-Jährigen Hedonisten geben unter 25 € pro Monat für ihr Handy aus. Demgegenüber geben über 8% mehr als 40 € pro Monat aus, was als relativ hohe monatliche Belastung einzuschätzen ist.</p>
<p>Ihre bevorzugte Handymarke ist Nokia (34%), auf Platz zwei ist Sony Ericsson (19%), an dritter Stelle steht Motorola (15%) und auf Rang vier liegt Samsung (12%). Die üblichen Handyanwendungen – SMS schreiben, Fotos bzw. Videos machen und versenden, die Organizer-Funktionen sowie Musik herunterladen – sind bei den Hedonisten zwar recht beliebt, jedoch ist ihre Affinität dazu eher unterdurchschnittlich. Zu Anwendungen wie Spiele herunterladen und spielen, im Internet surfen, Klingeltöne und Hintergrundbilder herunterladen sowie E-Mails versenden und empfangen haben die Hedonisten dagegen eine sehr hohe Affinität. Zur GPS-Funktion haben sie im Vergleich zu allen anderen sozialen Segmenten die größte Affinität, obwohl nur etwa 3% angeben, diese Anwendung zu nutzen. Es sei erwähnt, dass die Nokia N-Gage Spieleplattform, die auf den aktuellen Modellen der N-Serie verfügbar ist und das Handy zu einer tragbaren Spielekonsole macht, verglichen mit den übrigen sozialen Segmenten, bei den Hedonisten mit wachsender Tendenz große Ver­breitung hat.</p>
<p>Dieses Muster der Handynutzung passt in das Bild ihrer gesamten Medien­nutzung: Ihre Handynutzung ist geprägt vom Spielen, von der spielerischen Veränderung des Handys durch Klingeltöne und Logos sowie das Zusammenhalten des Freundeskreises durch E-Mail und SMS.</p>
<h3>Überblick über die Handynutzung des postmodernen Milieus</h3>
<p>Das Handy ist bei den postmodernen mit etwa 94% ähnlich weit verbreitet wie bei den Hedonisten. Auch hier muss man damit rechnen, dass nicht alle jungen Menschen ein Handy haben. Das Verhältnis von Pre-Paid Karte zu Handyvertrag entspricht etwa dem bei den Hedonisten. Im postmodernen Milieu geben die 14-24-Jährigen eine größere Handynutzungsfrequenz an als die Hedonisten. Etwa die Hälfte von ihnen gibt an, das Handy täglich zu benutzen, etwa ein Drittel benutzt es mehrmals pro Woche und nur 12% geben an, das Handy seltener zu benutzen.</p>
<p>Die meisten Jugendlichen in diesem Segment geben monatlich etwa 15 bis 25 € für das Handy aus. Daneben gibt es eine große Gruppe von fast 30%, die weniger als 15 € pro Monat ausgeben. Am anderen Ende der Skala gibt über ein Viertel dieses Segments zwischen 25 und 50 € pro Monat für das Handy aus.</p>
<p>Die 14- bis 24-Jährigen des postmodernen Milieus haben eine hohe Affinität zu den eher wenig verbreiteten Handymarken wie BenQ/Siemens, Philips oder Panasonic. Die bekannten und großen Marken wie Nokia, Samsung oder Sony Ericsson sind eher unterdurchschnittlich häufig verbreitet.</p>
<p>Einige Anwendungen, die für die Hedonisten wichtig sind, spielen für das postmoderne Milieu eine geringere Rolle, z.B. die GPS-Navigation, Spiele oder Klingeltöne und Logos herunterladen. Für sie sind Info-Dienste wie Nachrichten, Wetter oder Verkehrsinfos wichtig. Die Organizer-Funktionen wie Wecker oder Kalender benutzen ebenfalls intensiv. Daneben stehen für sie das Erstellen und Versenden von Fotos und Videos sowie das Herunterladen von Musik im Vordergrund.</p>
<p>Allgemein sind die Jugendlichen des postmodernen Milieus mit neuen Medien aufgewachsen und können damit souverän umgehen. Sie sind »höchst anspruchsvoll in Sachen Technologie und Services« und haben eine »aus­geprägte Vorliebe für hochwertige ICT-Produkte von Topmarken« (Dann­hardt/Nowak 2007, S. 11)</p>
<p>Die Mediennutzung des postmodernen Milieus ist geprägt durch gezielte Informationsbeschaffung und die durch Technik unterstützte Bewältigung des Alltags. Sie abonnieren Info-Dienste auf dem Handy und investieren dafür Geld oder nutzen intensiv die Kalender- oder Wecker-Funktion des Handys. Sie investieren gezielt, um zu ihren persönlichen, aber bedeutungsstiftenden Vergnügen zu gelangen (siehe Kap 1.1), was dem Bild ihrer Annahme von Bildung entgegenkommt.</p>
<h1>3. Diskussion</h1>
<p>Das Handy als Gerät, das systematisch Medienangebote miteinander verbindet und seine Nutzer durch Foto/Video- und Textfunktionen zu Produzenten macht, hat in Verbindung mit den Möglichkeiten des Internets die Medienlandschaft tiefgreifend verändert. Damit einher gehen veränderte Muster von Massenkom­munikation, und es entstehen neue kulturelle Praktiken und Mediennutzungs­muster. Eines dieser Muster ist es z.B., Fotos mit Geodaten zu verbinden und auf Plattformen wie flickr oder Picasa zu laden, um sie dann in anderen Platt­formen wie myspace oder facebook wieder zu verwenden, sie in neue Kontexte einzusetzen und sich selbst damit ebenfalls im Sinne der Medienbildung in ein anderes Verhältnis zur Welt zu setzen. Im Sinne von Medienbildung schaffen Nutzer mit den Fotos Manifestationen und dokumentieren damit ihren Alltag. Sie suchen aktiv Orientierung mit der GPS-Funktion und setzen sich reflexiv mit Welt auseinander, indem sie Fotos hochladen, neu ordnen, zuordnen usw. Sie verorten sich reflexiv in der Welt und schaffen es, mit der abstrakten Repräsentation der eigenen Umgebung in Form einer Land- oder Straßenkarte, sich produktiv die äußere Umwelt anzueignen und sich an gegebener Stelle zu entäußern oder zu artikulieren.</p>
<p>Eine konkrete medienpädagogische Förderung muss aber die verschiedenen Lifestyles der Jugendlichen und die damit verbundenen und in ihnen inhärenten Annahmen von Bildung und Lernen mit berücksichtigen. Dazu gehört auch anzuerkennen, dass mit dem hedonistischen Lifestyle ein eher ausweichendes und manchmal provokatives Vergnügen einher geht. Mediennutzung, insbesondere Handynutzung, bedeutet für ein Drittel der Jugendlichen, Spaß im Sinne von Ablenkung, Körperlichkeit und Provokation zu haben.</p>
<p>Ganz anders zeigt sich die Lage für Jugendliche aus dem postmodernen Mi­lieu, wie sie eher an Gymnasien anzutreffen sind. Für sie bedeutet Handynutzung ein eher bedeutungsstiftendes Vergnügen. Sie bewältigen mit dem Handy sehr konkrete und zielgerichtete Aufgaben. Dazu gehören Kalender und Wecker, aber vermutlich auch das ganz gezielte Kaufen und Herunterladen präferierter Musik, um diese dann in der konkreten Situation mit dem Handy zu hören.</p>
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<div style="line-height: 2em; margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in;">
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<p style="margin: 0em 0 0 0;">Tippelt, R., Weiland, M., Panyr, S., &amp; Barz, H. (2003). <span style="font-style: italic;">Weiterbildung, Lebensstil und soziale Lage in einer Metropole</span>. Theorie und Praxis der Weiterbildung. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann. Abgerufen von <a href="http://www.die-bonn.de/doks/tippelt0301.pdf">http://www.die-bonn.de/doks/tippelt0301.pdf</a> <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A3763918817&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Weiterbildung%2C%20Lebensstil%20und%20soziale%20Lage%20in%20einer%20Metropole&amp;rft.place=Bielefeld&amp;rft.publisher=Bertelsmann&amp;rft.series=Theorie%20und%20Praxis%20der%20Weiterbildung&amp;rft.aufirst=Rudolf&amp;rft.aulast=Tippelt&amp;rft.au=Rudolf%20Tippelt&amp;rft.au=Meike%20Weiland&amp;rft.au=Sylva%20Panyr&amp;rft.au=Heiner%20Barz&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=3763918817"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0em 0 0 0;">Vester, M. (2006). Die ständische Kanalisierung der Bildungschancen: Bildung und soziale Ungleichheit zwischen Boudon und Bourdieu. In W. Georg (Hrsg.), <span style="font-style: italic;">Soziale Ungleichheit im Bildungssystem</span> (S. 13–54). Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Die%20st%C3%A4ndische%20Kanalisierung%20der%20Bildungschancen%3A%20Bildung%20und%20soziale%20Ungleichheit%20zwischen%20Boudon%20und%20Bourdieu&amp;rft.place=Konstanz&amp;rft.publisher=UVK%20Verlagsgesellschaft&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Vester&amp;rft.au=Michael%20Vester&amp;rft.au=Werner%20Georg&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pages=13%E2%80%9354"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0em 0 0 0;">Winter, R. (2004). Cultural Studies und kritische Pädagogik. (B. Hipfl &amp; K. Ernst, Hrsg.)<span style="font-style: italic;">MedienPädagogik &#8211; www.medienpaed.com &#8211; Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung</span>, Themenheft Nr. 8: Der Beitrag der Cultural Studies für die Medienpädagogik. Abgerufen von <a href="http://www.medienpaed.com/03-2/winter03-2.pdf">http://www.medienpaed.com/03-2/winter03-2.pdf</a> <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Cultural%20Studies%20und%20kritische%20P%C3%A4dagogik&amp;rft.jtitle=MedienP%C3%A4dagogik%20-%20www.medienpaed.com%20-%20Zeitschrift%20f%C3%BCr%20Theorie%20und%20Praxis%20der%20Medienbildung&amp;rft.aufirst=Rainer&amp;rft.aulast=Winter&amp;rft.au=Rainer%20Winter&amp;rft.au=Brigitte%20Hipfl&amp;rft.au=Katharina%20Ernst&amp;rft.date=2004-02&amp;rft.issn=1424-3636"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0em 0 0 0;">Wippermann, C., &amp; Calmbach, M. (2008). <span style="font-style: italic;">Wie ticken Jugendliche? Sinus-Milieustudie U27</span>. (BDKJ &amp; MISEREOR, Hrsg.). Verlag Haus Altenberg; MVG Medienproduktion. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A3776102152&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Wie%20ticken%20Jugendliche%3F%20Sinus-Milieustudie%20U27&amp;rft.publisher=Verlag%20Haus%20Altenberg%3B%20MVG%20Medienproduktion&amp;rft.aufirst=Carsten&amp;rft.aulast=Wippermann&amp;rft.au=Carsten%20Wippermann&amp;rft.au=Marc%20Calmbach&amp;rft.au=BDKJ&amp;rft.au=MISEREOR&amp;rft.date=2008-04&amp;rft.isbn=3776102152"> </span></p>
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		<title>The life-style of ‘at-risk learners’ at the example of mobile technology. Interdependencies between patterns of media use and learning in ‘at-risk’ youth cultures</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/the-life-style-of-at-risk-learners-at-the-example-of-mobile-technology-interdependencies-between-patterns-of-media-use-and-learning-in-at-risk-youth-cultures/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/the-life-style-of-at-risk-learners-at-the-example-of-mobile-technology-interdependencies-between-patterns-of-media-use-and-learning-in-at-risk-youth-cultures/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 21:13:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[milieus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[segmentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stats]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Published in Danish as: Abstract The debate about learning with new digital media like the computer has long included mobile phones in its discussion. The term m-learning or mobile learning expresses this new trend. But unlike the computer the mobile phone systematically combines most current media technology in itself and &#8230;]]></description>
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  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K. (2010). &ldquo;Udsatte elevers&rdquo; livsstil: Indbyrdes afh&aelig;ngigheder mellem m&oslash;nstre for mediebrug og l&aelig;ring i &ldquo;udsatte&rdquo; ungdomskulturer. (J. Bang &amp; C. Dalsgaard, Eds.)<i>L&aelig;ring og Medier (Learning and Media - LOM)</i>, <i>L&aelig;ring i videnssamfundet. Om vidensformidling, videnskonstruktion og vidensdeling (Learning in the Knowledge Society)</i>(5). Retrieved from <a title='"Udsatte elevers" livsstil: Indbyrdes afhængigheder mellem mønstre for mediebrug og læring i "udsatte" ungdomskulturer' rel='external' href='http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/389f08bed9ed4304ba39599d522bc72a?l=http://forskningsnettet.dk/sites/default/files/file/LOM/lom5.2010/09_KR_Udsatte_elever.pdf_NY.pdf'>http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/389f08bed9ed4304ba39599d522bc72a?l=http://forskningsnettet.dk/sites/default/files/file/LOM/lom5.2010/09_KR_Udsatte_elever.pdf_NY.pdf</a></div>
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<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p>
<p>The debate about learning with new digital media like the computer has long included mobile phones in its discussion. The term m-learning or mobile learning expresses this new trend. But unlike the computer the mobile phone systematically combines most current media technology in itself and thus interconnects different users&#8217; life-worlds.<br />
This article will discover certain interdependencies between different life-styles, patterns of usage of mobile technology and learning at the example of &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;. Studies on social segmentation in relation to media usage, learning and education helps to find conclusions for mobile learning outside school. The life-style and media usage of the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; thus suggest that self constructed learner groups with individuals equipped with portable digital storage might enhance their leaning opportunities.</p>

<h1>1. &#8216;At-risk learners&#8217;, the core target group of pedagogic engagement are a life-style which is characterised by precarious consumption with distance to school</h1>
<p>The debate about learning with new digital media like the computer has long included mobile phones in its discussion. The term m-learning or mobile learning expresses this new trend. But unlike the computer, the mobile phone systematically combines most current media technologies in itself and thus systematically interconnects different users&#8217; life-worlds. For the discussion of learning with mobile phones it is considered necessary to be aware of diverging usage patterns, habits, likes, dislikes and tastes of people towards certain media, brands or technologies. Education and pedagogy should thus for example not expect every user to have the same mobile phone if any at all. Unlike schools and education the media and advertising industry has a clear understanding of target group marketing and is thus able to reach the different audiences very precisely as these audiences are shaped by their different tastes and styles. Data from target group marketing will be related to education data in this article, in order get a differentiated notion about target groups in school and their attitudes towards media usage and education, aiming to determine how media education can enhance the meaning making (and thus learning) of the special target group &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; in school and outside school.</p>
<p>Peoples&#8217; different tastes, likes and dislikes as well as socio-economic positions in society form a set of life-styles that each imply different patterns and habits of media use, information retrieval and attitudes towards education and learning. In other words this means: there are cultural differences in society and in the attribution of the cultural situation &#8221;learning &#8221;and the meaning making with cultural resources. From the pedagogical point of view it seems necessary to look for &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; for whom we assume that their meaning making with cultural resources is not in balance with or does not relate to their success in the cultural situation of school learning.</p>
<p>Generally &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; are students with a certain distance to school, those who have difficulties in school and thus those who face difficulties in the integration into society. The results from the PISA studies encourage to focus on pupils with migration backgrounds, pupils from lower socio-economic levels and pupils who do not successfully graduate from compulsory education after year 9 in Germany. The usual educational track in the German speaking countries would be to enter an apprenticeship or vocational training or continue in secondary education. The lack of a secondary general school certificate in most cases prevents this entry requirement to the job market. Within those groups the special focus lies on the boys as the girls are more successful in the educational system and the boys are rather likely to be unemployed after their time of compulsory eduction. These groups of pupils are identifiable within society. Statistics on school graduation and school achievement, census data and data on social segmentation encourage to focus on this group.</p>
<p>For Germany about 8% of all 16-year-olds do not graduate successfully from compulsory education (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung. Page 89) and the PISA studies 2001, 2003 and 2006 suggest that about 20% of the 15-year-olds do not meet the basic level 2 of reading, mathematics and natural science competencies. Other German studies have shown that young pupils who leave school without a degree hardly have any chance to enter proper job positions which thus leads to unemployment.</p>
<p>One should additionally consider for Germany that the school system puts pupils &#8216;at-risk&#8217; as it provides three different types and therefore levels of schools in parallel after elementary school. Over 80% of the pupils attend the intermediate school (Realschule) and the grammar school (Gymnasium) whereas the rest attends secondary general school (Hauptschule)<sup>[<a href="#ftn1" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn1">1</a>]</sup>. The &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; in Germany are closely related to the the problem of the Hauptschule as almost one third of its pupils have migration backgrounds (just one 4<sup>th</sup> of the grammar school pupils have migration backgrounds) and the majority of this school&#8217;s pupils is male. According to the PISA studies the pupils attending Hauptschule have low socio-economic backgrounds with rather little access to financial resources. Adding to that, the majority of unemployed people in Germany have attended Hauptschule.<sup>[<a href="#ftn2" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn2">2</a>]</sup></p>
<p>For the educational system and from the viewpoint of media education it seems necessary to have a closer systematic look to determine where in society the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; are. As mentioned, the media industry and consumption research is successfully using the concept of target group marketing. Therefore the tools for determining target groups will be used, also in the sense of analysis of social structures, in order to identify &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;, to reveal their media usage patterns. As with the differences in taste, media use and life-style pupils in school have to be regarded as segmented in terms of attitudes towards education and learning, too. The tool social segmentation might help to concretise these terms in a socio-cultural perspective. The analysis of social structures in the perspective of life-style or consumer habits is used since the 1970ies under the term psychographics by graphically explaining psychological traits in relation to consumption (Vyncke 2002). The concept of social segmentation will be used in order to describe social structures and to reveal inequalities in society. One of these inequalities is the unequally disseminated access to education and to media which is seen as crucial to the appropriation of literacy, numeracy, generally cultural resources and thus the participation in society.</p>
<h2>1.1 Social segmentation in Europe: identifying &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;</h2>
<p>The concept of social segmentation used here consists of two axes between which the map of the social space (Bourdieu 1984) is expanded. The vertical axis represents the rough level of education, the job or profession and the income of an individual or a household. This is the axis on which social classes would usually be defined and where for instance the working class is the lowest level at the bottom within society. The horizontal axis represents dimensions including life-style, taste, desires, goals, attitudes, spirituality, daily routines or value orientations. These values vary from traditional on the left side to post-modern on the right side. This means that society is not only structured by income, heritage, or class position but rather structured by everyday life-style aesthetics (Flaig / Meyer / Ueltzhöffer 1993). Social segments or milieus combine people of similar lifestyle and habitus that form a certain entity in society (Schulze 1992 and 2000). Each segment represents a certain pattern of everyday life-style orientation by which people distinct themselves from others, individually forming clusters within society on the map of the social space. The following map represents this social space divided into seven meta milieus of central Europe including UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain.<sup>[<a href="#ftn3" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn3">3</a>]</sup> In order to identify at-risk segments and in order be able to use a proper and overarching wording which is powerful enough to describe these at-risk segments, the following section compares the maps of social segmentation from Germany, UK, France and central Europe. This comparison concludes with the combined terms of &#8221;&#8217;Traditionals&#8221;, &#8221;Precarious Consumers&#8221; and &#8221;Hedonists&#8221; as the descriptive English names for the relevant social segments of the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;.</p>
<p>[[Image:everyday-life-segmente_EN.png]]The &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; who are affected by social inequality and disadvantages, who have a low income and a poor education concentrate at the bottom of the map of social space. One of the two relevant leading German institutes that offer data on social segmentation is SINUS Sociovision in Heidelberg. On the bottom of their map<sup>[<a href="#ftn4" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn4">4</a>]</sup>, on the left bottom corner there is the segment named &#8216;Traditionally Rooted Milieu&#8217;. Dominant for them is abiding duties and preserving traditions or the current state. In the middle of the bottom level there are the &#8216;Consumer Materialists&#8217; who are dominated by individualization, self realisation and enjoyment. Overlapping and located further to the right are the &#8216;Sensation oriented&#8217; or &#8216;Hedonists&#8217;. This segment is shaped by re-orientation, multi-optionality, experimenting, paradoxies, self orientation, fun, action and sensation.</p>
<p>The other relevant German institute SIGMA developed slightly different terms to describe the social segments. In the lower left corner the segment is differentiated with the term &#8216;Traditional Workers Milieu&#8217;.<sup>[<a href="#ftn5" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn5">5</a>]</sup></p>
<p>The SINUS map for France equally considers the lower conservative segment separately and calls it “Populaires Précaires”. Here the term of precarity is explicitly used. The middle lower segment here is called “Consommateurs Populaires”<sup>[<a href="#ftn6" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn6">6</a>]</sup>. Again for this segment the dimension of consumption seems to be important.</p>
<p>On the SINUS map for the United Kingdom the lower conservative segment is named “Traditionals”. The segment covers the lower level and overlaps to a great extend into the middle level of society. The lower middle segment in the UK is called “Precarious”<sup>[<a href="#ftn7" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn7">7</a>]</sup>. The SIGMA map for central Europe uses the term “Traditional blue-collar” segment for the lower conservative segment and the lower middle is explicitly called “Underprivileged Segment” (Ascheberg 2005. Page 7).</p>
<h2>1.2 Identified &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;: traditionals and precarious consumers</h2>
<p>The maps of social segmentation for Germany, France, the UK and central Europe identify a low traditional working class segment which is described by names and adjectives like traditional and precarious. As a unique naming this segment will therefore be called “Traditional workers” (short &#8221;Traditionals&#8221;) collecting the above attributed in itself.</p>
<p>The lower middle segment of the social map is shaped by consumption and inequality, expressed by the name “underprivileged” and will thus be named &#8221;Precarious Consumers&#8221; for the further consideration. The adjective precarious is explicitly used in the SINUS map for France and is used here to overarchingly describe the situation of that segment. The segment on the most right, most modern and sensation oriented side of the map are called &#8221;&#8217;Hedonists&#8221;&#8217;. The SINUS map for UK calles them “pleasure seekers”, in the map for FRANCE they are called “tonique frustrée” and the map for central Europe describes them as “counter culture”. The further discussion will focus on the Precarious Consumers with reference to the Traditionals.</p>
<h1>2. The life-worlds of &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; in the perspective of media use and education</h1>
<p>In the context of this research and focussing on &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;, two segments were identified which were additionally assigned new, more explicit names: The traditional workers or Traditionals and the Precarious Consumers. In order to have a closer look at these segments the first part (2.1) will explore their life-worlds and their demography to get an overview and the an idea of the relevance for learning and media use. Section 3 focusses on the meaning making (Kress 2003) with cultural resources of these two segments. Lothar Böhnisch (1994. Page 32) and Albert Scherr (2001. Page 525) explain, in the perspective of educational sciences and German sociology, that consumption has the special relevance as a form of taking part in society. For the discussion of media use patterns of how people deal with finances, buying books and reading, the use of television, the use of the cultural resource ICT and the use of mobile phones will be developed according to the referred studies on social segmentation. Section 4 explores what school types people in the two segments have attended and their attitudes towards informal learning and education. This section recurs on two studies on further education for adults between the age of 19 to 69 conducted in the Germany cities of Freiburg and Munich during the 1990ies. Although the data is rather old and considers adults, the data reveals deep insights into the cultural differentiation of learning and education as cultural situations.</p>
<h2>2.1 General life-style: The life-world of the Traditionals and Precarious Consumers</h2>
<p>The life-style or life-world of the Traditionals&#8221; &#8221;is shaped by preserving traditional morals and discipline. They seek to preserve the current state and their current status in society. They are minor employees, workers, farmers who seek acknowledgement in the nearby social environment. They thus live close to home and have small spacial range, meaning that their radius of activity is limited. Their pattern of consumption is thrifty and reluctant.</p>
<p>The Precarious Consumers are trying to compensate their social inequity by consumption. Their professional opportunities are low and there is a high rate of unemployment. They do have the feeling that society is not treating them equally and they have a high distrust against the higher segments of society. The Precarious Consumers are seeking entertainment, distraction, action and fun. But there is this constant discrepancy between their hopes and wishes and their reality or future. They hope to win the lottery and be rich, on the other hand this utopia will hardly ever come true and their status will remain as precarious as before.</p>
<h2>2.2 Demography – relevance of the social segments for school</h2>
<p>The Traditionals make about 5 &#8211; 10 % of the German population and they are mostly are Survivors of the World War II, they are pensioners with an average age of 70 years. In this segment there are therefore mostly women. Although the average age is so high, there are nevertheless some few children in the age of 6-13 years in this segment. The number of adolescents age 14-19 is much lower with just about 0<sup>[<a href="#ftn8" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn8">8</a>]</sup> to 1 %.<sup>[<a href="#ftn9" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn9">9</a>]</sup></p>
<p>The demography of the Precarious Consumers is much more wide spread. There is a wide range of age and an average gender distribution. This segment makes about 10 % of the German population. About 7-11% of the population are children (Feierabend / Klingler 2007) and about 10 % of the adolescents age 14 to 19 are in this segment. We can assume that some adolescents whose parents or grandparents were considered to be within the Traditionals are allocated to the Precarious Consumers. This means that if there is a social mobility within the model of social segmentation it goes from conservative to modern and from bottom to top. The social mobility moves counter-clockwise on the map (Geißler / Meyer 2006. Page 257).</p>
<h1>3. Meaning-making with cultural resources: The &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; patterns of media usage</h1>
<h2>3.1 Cultural recources: Financial possibilities, media and other leisure time activities</h2>
<p>This section focusses on the financial situation of the two considered segments at the bottom of the map of social space. The financial situation of the lower conservative Traditionals can be described as modest according to the typology of financial resources was developed by the Sinus Sociovision institute<sup>[<a href="#ftn10" class="footnoted" id="to-ftn10">10</a>]</sup>: they are not reluctant but very distanced. They keep the little money they have together and do not spend extra money. The segment of the Precarious Consumers is described as overstrained: They act very protective, frustrated and resigned in respect to their very low budget. For them money is never enough and it is hard for them to make a living. The discrepancy is that although money is never enough they make spontaneous decisions to buy goods that they would rationally not need. They wish to be able to spend money without having to care and by spending money they try to be a little closer to the middle class. The most modern segment on the right bottom (Hedonists) are described as “Squanderer”. These are the ones who are carefree and planless. They do not see any use in saving money or making plans on saving insurances.</p>
<p>Looking generally at media activities of the Precarious Consumers age 6 to 13 it gets evident again that television, watching videos and playing computer games is very important in their lives. Playing video consoles and portable video consoles like the Gameboy is preferred to an average extend. Again reading is not popular, as well as listening to dramatized audio books or mp3 (Feierabend / Klingler 2007). Considering the affinity of the Precarious Consumers to gaming and entertainment the average usage of consoles, especially the rather expensive portable consoles including the Sony Playstation portable should be given attention and should be treated as a possible link to strategy and problem solving for their processes of meaning making and thus learning.</p>
<h2>3.2 Cultural resource: Children and youth books, newspapers and audio</h2>
<p>In the year 2007 the German head organisation of book shops published results of their study on the consumption of children&#8217;s and youth books in relation to social segments (Wippermann / Wippermann 2007). For the Traditionals the study shows that it is the grandparents who buy books as presents for their grandchildren. The books sold to that segment hardly relate to school. The preferred genres are picture books, narrations and books directed to young children for playing and learning. The youth books for adolescents from the age of 12 and older are sold quite rarely to this segment. The Traditionals try to give their grandchildren a little education by giving them &#8220;nice&#8221; books which they consider valuable.</p>
<p>The Precarious Consumers are not relevant for the book market. They have the lowest market reach with just 15% of the segment who are buying children and youth books. In relation to the whole population this is just a 5 % share. This is especially precarious considering the high rate of children (~ 10%) in this segment for whom reading is relevant.</p>
<p>Generally it is interesting that children in the age of 6 to 15 years buy only for themselves whereas adolescents age 16 to 19 years buy for themselves and for others and thus consider books as proper presents for their relatives and peers according to the study.</p>
<p><em>Cultural resource: Audio books and newspapers</em><br />
Traditionals generally have the lowest rate in reading for information with the exception that they have quite a high rate in reading newspapers. In this perspective 98 % read a newspaper at least once per month which is 4 % above the average.</p>
<p>The Precarious Consumers generally have a very low rate in reading but they do not even read for entertainment and even the rate of reading newspapers which is 90%, is much lower than the average. In contrast to that, with 18% the Precarious Consumers have the highest rate of all segments in listening to Audio books. The average audio books usage is 14%. In respect to listening to audio books Christoph Kochhan and Kristiane Schengbier state that segments that have a close affinity to the internet are likely to prefer audio books. The market of audio books is just starting to grow (Kochhan / Schengbier 2007).</p>
<h2>3.3 Cultural resource: Television</h2>
<p>According to the ongoing television usage study by SevenOne Media (Dannhardt et al. 2007) the German Traditionals watch about 4 hours and a quarter of television per day. This is 30 minutes more than the average and also due to the high average age of this segment. They watch German public TV channels and prefer the news shows, news magazines and reports by the public TV channels which they trust most. In relation to fiction the also prefer the pubilc TV and watch the fiction series and movies.</p>
<p>This is a contrast to the Precarious Consumers who watch preferably private channels. As they are seeking action, fun and distraction they prefer entertainment in TV. Even the news they watch have to be entertaining like the news show on the private channel RTL2. Their daily amount of TV usage is even higher than the Traditionals&#8217; with about 4 hours and 20 minutes.</p>
<h2>3.4 Cultural resource: ICT</h2>
<p>The following section focusses on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the sense of using the computer and using the internet. The use of mobile phones, which may also be considered ICT are covered in section 3.5. Generally there are just very few Computers in the households of the Traditionals. They barely have any own internet access and they barely use the internet.</p>
<p>For the Precarious Consumers gaming is in the foreground. Their use of mobile phones is reluctant and the rate of computers in the households is quite low. Accordingly the rate of internet access is very low too. Despite these low figures 76 % of the 6 to 13 year olds of this segment are computer users and almost half of the children in this segment use the internet (40% internet). But as there are just a few computers that also have internet access (60 %) of these children have to use the computer elsewhere (Feierabend / Klingler 2007).</p>
<p>The quality of internet access is crucial to the pattern of using the internet. After the introduction of broadband internet access studies have shown that users with broadband access who do not have to pay by the minute remain twice the time on a single web page. Also the duration of time spent per internet session rises per double. Broadband access makes it possible to download files at a reasonable speed and security. The relation between broadband internet access and social segments shows a clear digital divide for central Europe. The traditional lower and middle segments have half as many broadband subscription as the modern and post-modern segments. The two considered segments Traditionals and Precarious consumers have the lowest rates of broadband access (Ascheberg 2006. Page 24).</p>
<p><em>Cultural resource ICT: Computer and internet activities of the 6 to 13 year old German Precarious Consumers</em><br />
Meaning making and learning with mobile phones often, if not mostly involves some kind of computer or internet usage. Therefore detailed findings of computer and internet usage of the 6 to 13 year old children of the segment Precarious Consumers shall be considered. The German media usage study on children and media (KIM – Kinder und Medien. Feierabend / Klingler 2007) was not able to publish data on the Traditionals due to the small percentage of children in the sample and in this segment. Thus just information on the Precarious Consumers can be reported.</p>
<p>In relation to computer activities the Precarious Consumers prefer to watch DVD videos at most. They have average rates in gaming, listening to music and drawing. They browse the internet less often than others. They rarely write or receive emails, write texts, do something for school, learn with software or use a PC-encyclopaedia.</p>
<p>In relation to internet activities these children prefer gaming alone and with others. They use instant messengers very often and like to download music files. Their downloading of games or other files is not remarkably different from other segments. They read or write less often than others in forums, do much less chatting or listening to music. They remarkably less often retrieve information for school or for other issues from the internet.</p>
<p>The high usage of instant messengers in contrast to chatting might be explained by the quality of the internet connection. While instant messengers like ICQ offer the possibility to leave messages when the partner is offline, chatting requires constant connection and only allows messaging when both partners are online. This way the Precarious Consumers can stay in contact and can read and write messages when they come along a computer.</p>
<h2>3.5 Cultural resource: Mobile phones</h2>
<p>Although it is reasonable to understand mobile phones as information and communication technology mobile phones should be considered as a separate resource and phenomenon at this point. The use of mobile phones of the Traditionals fits into the picture that emerges until now. They hardly have any mobile phone and they do not even use mobile phones to an extend that it gets obvious in the quantitative data.</p>
<p>According to the KIM 2006 (Feierabend / Klingler 2007) within the Precarious Consumers less than a third of the children age 6-13 have a mobile phone. In contrast to that, almost all of the adolescents have a mobile but none of the well known brands. Having in mind that the central driver for social segmentation is everyday life-style aesthetics, one would expect that at least some state to have brands like Nokia, a Samsung or a Sony Eriscon. Instead only the brand Philips was named by the 14-19 year olds. The Precarious Consumers use none of the extra features that mobiles offer today like mp3, photo, video etc. The 14-19 year olds state to only use phoning and the short message service (SMS) for texting (VerbraucherAnalyse 2007/08).</p>
<h1>4. &#8216;At-risk learners&#8217; paths and attitudes within education</h1>
<h2>4.1 Attendance to schooltypes of the segments and precarious cultural decisions</h2>
<p>The level of education is one of the dominant criteria for one&#8217;s position and status in society. Asking the question what types of schools people in the two relevant segments have attended seems necessary to further understand certain distance to school that children, adolescents and young adults might have. Furthermore within the discourse of underprivileged pupils the relationship between social segments and school education should be revealed.</p>
<p>People of both segments Traditionals and Precarious Consumers generally have a low education. Both attended &#8220;Hauptschule&#8221; (ISCED 2B), the lowest type of school in Germany by a rate of about 80%. The KIM 2006 children and Media study (Feierabend / Klingler 2007) reports that 50 % of these segments attend Hauptschule and the VerbraucherAnalyse (2007/08) reports 100 % for the Precarious Consumers. Many of them did an apprenticeship for a job afterwards. The current transitions in society put them at precarious situations as these apprenticeships do not pay off well enough and even the entrance to a professional apprenticeship is not necessarily successful as it was 20 years ago. In contrast to that only 2 (Vester 2006) to 10 percent (Feierabend / Klingler 2007) of these have a school degree which would enable them to enter higher education (ISCED 3A) which just a maximum 2 % actually did (Vester 2006).</p>
<p>The educational paths taken by the Traditionals and the Precarious Consumers are shaped by avoiding risks (Vester 2006. Page 19). In this perspective the decision, at the transition from elementary school to secondary education, for Hauptschule is considered saver than attending a risky and unfamiliar environment like Gymnasium (ISCED 3A) where the risk to fail seems to be much higher. This means that just about 50% of the parents of lower segments accept the recommendation for Gymnasium (Vester 2006. Page 24). On the other hand children from lower segments less often get the recommendation for Gymnasium by the teachers. The discrepancy becomes clearer imagining that there is a noticeable amount of children attending Hauptschule who do actually have the recommendation for Gymnasium and that they might simply not belong to Hauptschule. The above stated distance to school therefore might thus already start in year 5 for some pupils.</p>
<h2>4.2 Attitudes towards learning and education</h2>
<p>From German studies on the demand and attendance of further education the reader gets a broad and deep insight into general attitudes of the respective social segments towards learning and education. The Traditionals&#8217; attitudes towards learning is that education and knowledge is an achievement of hard, admirable work. Participants in the further education study reported that if they did not have the feeling not to have worked hard therefore they did not learn anything (Barz / Tippelt 2004. Page 87). Especially for the duty abiding Traditionals further education is considered a privilege and important although they themselves had not had the opportunity to take part in education. The lower segments often report that the success of learning to a high extend depends on the teacher and the course room. In that way they externalize the causes of failing and on the other hand the atmosphere of the course room and the relationship to the teacher seems important (Barz / Tippelt 2004).</p>
<p><em>Attitudes towards education</em><br />
The Traditionals&#8217; and the Precarious Consumers&#8217; attitude towards education is shaped by a low expectation. A strong dichotomy between power and powerlessness is expressed by pointing out and claiming to be the important working class on the one hand, but this is immediately depreciated by the feeling to be underprivileged and being treated unequally anyway. This is then also expressed in a depreciation of their own knowledge. The two segments at the bottom of the map show a great distance and objection of social segments with higher education. They strongly distinct themselves from the people who have studied and are generally well educated (Barz 2000; Tippelt et al. 2003; Barz / Tippelt 2004). Generally education serves to maintain the current social position (Vester 2006) and there is rather no idea of social climbing or a potential of social mobility upwards by entering higher education.</p>
<p><em>The Precarious Consummers&#8217; informal learning strategies</em><br />
For the Precarious Consumers there is Contradictory picture. They are on the one hand very reluctant towards further education and all forms of formal learning. They have made bad experiences in school and were often unsuccessful with their learning. When they were asked for informal learning all participants stated to have learned informally. They have read text books or specialised books, they read magazines or professional journals. Most important seems to be that they reported having been taught by friends or relatives, colleagues. They either watched them doing things and imitated that successfully or they tried things out by themselves and discussed this with others (Tippelt et al. 2003. Pages 116 and 124).</p>
<p>Although the Precarious Consumers read books and magazines for information retrieval in the sense of further education they had not had the impression having used media for self directed learning. The percentage of Precarious Consumers who were of the opinion that they had learned self directedly using media amounts just 18% (Pietrass et al. 2005. Page 419) which is below average of 28% (Tippelt et al. 2003. Page 155). These statements fit into the picture that the Precarious Consumers often are not aware of having leant informally. One interviewee stressed that he or she never attended a computer course, but instead taught all about computers to him- or herself. Quiz shows on television like &#8221;Who Wants To Be A Millionaire&#8221; are also an integral part of their everyday life in order “to keep the brain going”. This strategy is still two fold, on the one hand the Precarious Consumers would not acknowledge this kind of acquisition as informal learning. On the other hand this kind of learning is very broad, general and target directed. The obvious informal strategy to learn about computers is self directed and motivated out of everyday life needs in order to cope with daily situations.</p>
<p>These figures relate to a rather work based learning or to informal learning which focuses on education for Precarious Consumers&#8217; professions. Generally the acquisition of competencies is motivated by the Precarious Consumers everyday life needs. In their information retrieval they want to learn things to cope with their sometimes troublesome daily life. The precarious Consumers appreciate the development of values like staying power or self consciousness &#8211; generally strategies to cope with everyday life.</p>
<p>When it comes to learning for or with a certain given field the Precarious Consumers are described as not investing enough self discipline and lacking effectiveness by selective learning. Thereby things that do not promise enough fun, like the purchased Japanese leaning CD, stay untouched (expressed by a German interviewee). This type of selective learning is in line with the Precarious Consumers&#8217; learning for real everyday life situations. Their informal learning focusses on knowledge which has an immediate applicability in their perspective.</p>
<h1>Conclusion: Media use as well as learning is dominated by lifestyles</h1>
<p>From the data on media usage and from the further education studies one may consider that the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; avoid traditional learning, reading and writing in the perspective of the culturally defined situation of school. The emerging media usage pattern is shaped by consumption, ownership and possession, fun and action. These are important elements of the life-worlds of the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;. This became especially evident at the example of gaming and downloading. One conclusion is that the personal possession of (free) digital products thus offers great opportunities for the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;.</p>
<p>Studies on further education, students&#8217; study groups and workshops in youth clubs (Welling / Brüggemann 2004. Page 79) have indicated that the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; prefer socially homogeneous groups, offering them participation without needing to distinct themselves from others or without having to discriminate themselves against others.</p>
<p>For school it should be noticed that learning in school is a different cultural situation compared to meaning-making with media at home or outside school. The notion about learning in school is dominated and differently valued by higher and rather traditional social segments (Pietrass et al. 2005), very much unlike the Precarious Consumers.</p>
<p>The &#8216;at-risk learners&#8221; current pattern of usage of the computer and internet are one culturally defined situation which stands in contrast to formal learning in school. Knowing that the children and adolescents leave home and engage with others in order to get access to computers and internet. This cultural practice poses implications for mobility and participation. Engaging with others in order to make meaning with media implies collaborative, participative, self constructed learning structures which should strongly be encouraged by teachers.</p>
<p>The data indicated that the Precarious Consumers are downloading files from the internet and that they often connect to the internet outside from home. This poses the question what young people do to carry the downloaded material from one place to another. In other words portable memory or storage capacity seems an important issue. Mike Featherstone, engaged in the field of Consumer Culture and Postmodernism and who is an editor of the journal &#8221;Theory Culture and Society&#8221; points out that “the activity of individuals in everyday life who seek to preserve documents, photographs, diaries and recordings to develop their own archives as memory devices. In short, the archive may become a project or an aspiration, a site for the production of anticipated memories” (Featherstone 2006. Page 594). Yet and still the access to technology and to the internet plays a key role as a significant number of children have to use the computer elsewhere. The mobile phone or the portable devices like the Sony Playstation Portable offer the opportunity of adding several gigabyte of digital memory for little money and can easily be connected to a computer in an internet café, in school, in a youth club or to the friend&#8217;s PC. The mobile device thus becomes the personal and portable, mobile archive for personal media productions or to store personal media possessions. Within media education it may thus be an opportunity to engage &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; in collaborative self constructed learning situations and to provide the with digital memory cards in order to enhance their meaning making with media.</p>
<p>Patterns of media usage including reading, watching television or choosing a brand of a mobile phone are shaped by the everyday lifestyle aesthetics that mark social segments. In the same way notions of learning, schools and education are differently shaped. Learning and media usage is thus systematically anchored and shaped by the framework of everyday lifestyle aesthetics. The life-style and media usage of the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; thus suggest that self constructed learner groups with individuals equipped with portable digital storage might enhance their leaning opportunities.</p>
<p>Mobile learning offers special opportunities for the Precarious Consumers. Almost everyone does have a mobile phone and thus does have access to mobile learning in one or the other way. Mobile phones are easily accessible, they support that kind of learning for coping with everyday life that the Precarious Consumers prefer. With their mobiles or other portable devices they are free to set their own pace, their own targets. The mobile phone does not force them to take exams or get (bad) grades. With the mobile devices the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; can choose and create their own learning group without the need to socially distinct themselves from others.</p>
<p>Finally from the Precarious Consumers&#8217; media usage data the following conclusions for informal learning with portable digital media can be drawn:</p>
<ul>
<li>Gaming can be seen as problem solving. It is a self directed learning where the learner can set his or her own pace.</li>
<li>The Precarious Consumers want their learning to be entertaining which stands in contrast to traditional scholastic and explicit learning. This can be assigned to the learning content, to the learning media and to the learning group or to the teacher.
</li>
<li>Furthermore it is important that the Precarious Consumers are offered the opportunity to engage with others, to be able to create a homogeneous learning group on their own. This reverses the traditional assumption of the teacher&#8217;s power and the power that is thus implied in the learning content and material as well as the forceful compilation of school classes and puts all these three components into the hands of the learner. In order to prevent the dilemma of putting the Precarious Consumers at risk by laying the responsibility for successful learning and graduation fully into their hands, the teaching design and the teacher should be able to provide the space for this own constructive agency but should also buffer and provide safety and orientation.</li>
</ul>
<h1>References</h1>
<p>Ascheberg, Carsten (2005): The SIGMA Milieus®. Global Early Warning System for Product Positioning and Trends. Online: http://www.sigma-online.de/en/Home/SIGMA_Global_Milieu_Research_eng..pdf.</p>
<p>Ascheberg, Carsten (2006): Milieuforschung und transnationales Zielgruppenmarketing. In: APuZ &#8211; Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Issue 44-45, pp. 18‐25. Online: http://www.bpb.de/files/NBSZ1X.pdf.</p>
<p>Barz, Heiner; Tippelt, Rudolf (2004): Weiterbildung und soziale Milieus in Deutschland. Praxishandbuch Milieumarketing. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann (DIE spezial, 1).</p>
<p>Böhnisch, Lothar (1994): Gespaltene Normalität: Lebensbewältigung und Sozialpädagogik an den Grenzen der Wohlfahrtgesellschaft: Juventa.</p>
<p>Bourdieu, Pierre (1984): Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste: Harvard University Press.</p>
<p>Chassé, Karl-August (2007): Unterschicht, prekäre Lebenslagen, Exklusion &#8211; Versuch einer Dechiffrierung der Unterschichtsdebatte. In: Kessl, Fabian; Reutlinger, Christian; Ziegler, Horst (Eds.): Erziehung zur Armut?: Soziale Arbeit und die &#8220;neue Unterschicht. Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss. , pp. 17‐37.</p>
<p>Dannhardt, Karin; Nowak, Dorothea; Sinus Sociovision GmbH (2007): Sinus-Milieus. Lebensstil, Fernsehnutzung und Umgang mit neuer Kommunikationstechnologie. Edited by SevenOne Media GmbH. Online: http://appz.sevenonemedia.de/download/publikationen/Sinus_2007.pdf.</p>
<p>Featherstone, Mike (2006): Archive. In: Theory Culture and Society, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 591‐597.</p>
<p>Feierabend, Sabine; Klingler, Walter (2007): Kinder und Medien: Ergebnisse der KIM-Studie 2006. In: Media Perspektiven, Issue 10, pp. 492‐505. Online: http://www.media-perspektiven.de/uploads/tx_mppublications/10-2007_Feierabend.pdf.</p>
<p>Flaig, Berthold Bodo; Meyer, Thomas; Ueltzhöffer, Jörg (1993): Alltagsästhetik und politische Kultur. Bonn: Verlag J.H.W. Dietz Nachf. GmbH (Praktische Demokratie).</p>
<p>Geißler, Rainer; Meyer, Thomas (2006): Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands: Zur gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung mit einer Bilanz zur Vereinigung: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.</p>
<p>Kassow, Achim (2005): Profitables Wachstum durch Masskonfektion. 3. Internationaler Retail-Bankentag. Edited by Commerzbank AG. Online: https://www.commerzbank.com/media/aktionaere/service/archive/vortrag/2005/05102005_Vortrag_Boez_Kassow.pdf.</p>
<p>Kochhan, Christoph; Schengbier, Kristiane (2007): Bücher und Lesen im Kontext unterschiedlicher Lebenswelten. In: Media Perspektiven, Issue 12, pp. 622‐633. Online: http://www.media-perspektiven.de/uploads/tx_mppublications/12-2007_Kochhan.pdf.</p>
<p>Kress, Gunther (2003): Literacy in the New Media Age: Routledge.</p>
<p>VerbraucherAnalyse 2007/2008 Klassik III Märkte. MDS Online: Axel Springer AG. Online: http://145.243.189.193/start/mp/start.asp?va.</p>
<p>Pietrass, Manuela; Schmidt, Bernhard; Tippelt, Rudolf (2005): Informelles Lernen und Medienbildung. In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 412‐426.</p>
<p>Scherr, Albert (2001): Randgruppen und Minderheiten. In: Schäfers, Bernhard; Zapf, Wolfgang (Eds.): Handwörterbuch zur Gesellschaft Deutschlands: Leske Budrich , pp. 518‐528.</p>
<p>Schulze, Gerhard (1992): Die Erlebnisgesellschaft. Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. 8. Aufl. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 2000.</p>
<p>Tippelt, Rudolf; Weiland, Meike; Panyr, Sylva; Barz, Heiner (2003): Weiterbildung, Lebensstil und soziale Lage in einer Metropole. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann (Theorie und Praxis der Weiterbildung).</p>
<p>Vester, Michael (2006): Die ständische Kanalisierung der Bildungschancen: Bildung und soziale Ungleichheit zwischen Boudon und Bourdieu. In: Georg, Werner (Ed.): Soziale Ungleichheit im Bildungssystem: Eine empirisch-theoretische Bestandsaufnahme. Konstanz: UVK-Verl.-Ges. (Theorie und MethodeSozialwissenschaften), pp. 13‐54.</p>
<p>Vyncke, Patrick (2002): Lifestyle Segmentation: From Attitudes, Interests and Opinions, to Values, Aesthetic Styles, Life Visions and Media Preferences. In: European Journal of Communication, Vol. 17, Issue 4, pp. 445‐463. Online: http://ejc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/445.</p>
<p>Welling, Stefan; Brüggemann, Marion (2004): Computerunterstützte Jugendarbeit und medienpädagogische Qualifizierung. Praxis und Perspektiven. LernNetzwerk Bremen (Hg.). Bremen: Institut für Informationsmanagement Bremen GmbH (ifib).</p>
<p>Wippermann, Carsten; Wippermann, Katja (2007): Kinder- und Jugendbücher. Marktpotenzial, Käuferstrukturen und Präferenzen unterschiedlicher Lebenswelten. Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e.V. (Hg.): Arbeitsgemeinschaft von Jugendbuchverlagen e. V. (Studienreihe Marktforschung).</p>
<p>Ziegler, Holger (2006): Wie gebrauchen Jugendliche das Internet? Soziales Kapital im on- und offline. Expertise für das Kompetenzzentrum Informelle Bildung: Kompetenzzentrum Informelle Bildung.</p>
<p>&#8212;-<br />
<ol class="compact">
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn1"><strong><sup>[1]</sup></strong> <sup>Translations of the school types are taken from the German Embassy&#8217;s Website in London at: http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/01/Living__and__Working/Education__seite.html</sup> <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn1">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn2"><strong><sup>[2]</sup></strong> <sup>Autorengruppe &#8220;Bildungsberichterstattung&#8221; (Eds.) Bildung in Deutschland: Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zu Bildung und Migration, Bertelsmann, ISBN 3-7639-3535-5, 2006.</sup> <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn2">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn3"><strong><sup>[3]</sup></strong> http://www.sinus-sociovision.de/grafik/everyday-life-segmente.jpg [15 Sept 2008] <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn3">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn4"><strong><sup>[4]</sup></strong> http://www.sinus-sociovision.de/grafik/kartoffel/kartoffel_de_07.jpg [15 Sept 2008] <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn4">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn5"><strong><sup>[5]</sup></strong> http://www.sigma-online.com/de/SIGMA_Milieus/SIGMA_Milieus_in_Germany/Germany_2_1.gif [15 Sept 2008] <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn5">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn6"><strong><sup>[6]</sup></strong> http://www.sinus-sociovision.de/grafik/kartoffel/1-1-5/2003/potatoes_fr.jpg [15 Sept 2008] <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn6">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn7"><strong><sup>[7]</sup></strong> http://www.sinus-sociovision.de/grafik/kartoffel/1-1-5/2003/potatoes_uk.jpg [15 Sept 2008] <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn7">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn8"><strong><sup>[8]</sup></strong> <sup>VerbraucherAnalyse 2007/08 Klassik III Märkte</sup> <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn8">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn9"><strong><sup>[9]</sup></strong> <sup>Ziegler (2006) Page 51 cites a Bauer Media study on fashion clothing patterns from 2001 which not available any more.</sup> <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn9">&#x21A9;</a></li>
	<li class="footnote" id="ftn10"><strong><sup>[10]</sup></strong> <sup>Translated from German to English from: Kassow (2005) Page 8.</sup> <a class="note-return" href="#to-ftn10">&#x21A9;</a></li></ol>
</p>

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		<title>Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries in convergent environments</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/mobile-learning-crossing-boundaries-in-convergent-environments/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/mobile-learning-crossing-boundaries-in-convergent-environments/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:19:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA['Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries in convergent environments' Conference. Monday to Tuesday, March 21st to 22nd, 2011, Bremen (Germany).]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/60e1d84bc0584c99a0ced7b81db2690d" alt="" width="1" height="1" /><br />
<strong>&#8216;Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries in convergent environments&#8217; Conference</strong></p>
<p>Bremen (Germany) from Monday to Tuesday, March 21st to 22nd, 2011.</p>
<p>Conference Website: <a href="http://www.londonmobilelearning.net/bremen" target="_blank">http://www.londonmobilelearning.net/bremen</a></p>
<p>The ‘Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries                  in convergent environments’ Conference, taking place in                  Bremen (Germany) from Monday to Tuesday, March 21st to 22nd, 2011,                  builds on a series of mobile learning research symposia hosted                  by the <a href="http://www.wlecentre.ac.uk/" target="_blank">WLE                  Centre for Excellence</a> at the Institute of Education, University                  of London between 2007 and 2009. It will focus on the challenges                  of developing new pedagogic approaches and on the potential of                  mobile devices for learning in formal and informal contexts. As                  mobile learning is not only about learning with mobile technologies,                  but also considered to be &#8220;new&#8221; learning, the conference                  will look at challenges for research and practice in understanding                  the changing social and technological structures allowing the                  use of technology for learning that are present in our personal                  lives, in school and in work places. Thus mobile learning crosses                  the boundary of institutional learning and looks at practical                  fields like research and medicine, too. Also, the conference will                  look at the latest developments in hardware and software which                  can support personalised learning.</p>
<p>By focusing on theory and practice, development                  and use, teaching and learning, formal and informal contexts,                  the ‘Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries in convergent                  environments’ Conference intends to offer spaces for researchers,                  practitioners, developers, the industry and policy makers to exchange                  ideas, experiences and research around issues and approaches to                  mobile learning, including sociological and educational issues                  and their effectiveness and desirability as learning spaces as                  well as the design of environments.</p>
<p>Whilst the conference includes a traditional research                  paper strand, we also encourage proposals for sessions in different                  formats including workshops, posters, cafe and debate sessions,                  videos, slideshows, podcasts, cartoons and hands on sessions.                  There will be a German language strand, so contributions in German                  are also welcome!<br />
We will also provide opportunities for &#8216;unconference&#8217; events,                  including the provision of spaces for informal meetings and discussions.</p>
<p>The number of participants is limited to 150. However,                  video contributions for loop-presentations during the conference                  from people who are not able to attend in person are welcome.</p>
<p>The ‘Mobile learning: Crossing boundaries                  in convergent environments’ Conference is preceded by the <a href="http://educamp.mixxt.de/" target="_blank">EduCamp</a>,                  a specialised BarCamp for people interested in media and learning,                  which will take place in Bremen from March 19 to 20, 2011.<br />
<a href="http://www.pontydysgu.org/" target="_blank">Pontydysgu</a> will broadcast their show &#8220;Sounds of the Bazaar LIVE Radio                  Programme&#8221; live via internet.<img alt="LMLG" src="http://www.londonmobilelearning.net/images/lmlg_logo.png" title="LMLG" class="alignnone" width="114" height="110" /></p>

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		<title>MoLeaP – Die mobile learning Projektdatenbank</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/moleap-%e2%80%93-die-mobile-learning-projektdatenbank/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2011/01/27/moleap-%e2%80%93-die-mobile-learning-projektdatenbank/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:19:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressourcen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Datenbank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Methode]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nachhaltigkeit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Projekte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Systematisierung]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[MoLeaP – Die mobile learning Projektdatenbank (www.moleap.net) ist eine öffentliche und kostenlose online-Datenbank.]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/e2dc060b38e94e22a1b5a9c171a6f5d6" alt="" width="1" height="1" /><br />
MoLeaP – Die mobile learning Projektdatenbank (<a title="http://www.moleap.net" href="http://www.moleap.net" target="_blank">www.moleap.net</a>) ist eine öffentliche und kostenlose online-Datenbank. Sie richtet sich an LehrerInnen, ForscherInnen und alle, die im Bereich der (Medien)Pädagogik, (Medien)Didaktik und Erziehungswissenschaft tätig sind und sich für Lehren und Lernen mit mobilen Medien interessieren. Das Konzept hinter MoLeaP baut auf die Forschung der London Mobile Learning Group (LMLG) auf.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2011/01/moleap_logo.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-95" title="moleap_logo" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2011/01/moleap_logo.jpg" alt="moleap" width="220" height="100" /></a></p>
<div>
<p><strong>Projekte zum mobilen Lernen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten verfügbar machen</strong></p>
<p>Die Forschung zu mobilen Lernen steht eng mit der Realisierung von mobile learning Projekten in unteschiedlichen Kontexten, vor allem in Schule und Alltag, in Zusammenahng (sh. bspw. Kukulska-Hulme et al., 2009). Die Projekte unterscheiden sich u.a. hinsichtlich ihrer unterschiedlichen didaktischen Ansätze, der Lernorte und der Vielzahl von verwendeten Technologien (sh. bspw. Faux et al., 2006). Sie behandeln mobile Technologien und ihre Nutzung im Alltag als Thema, oder sie greifen auf mobile Geräte zum Lehren und Lernen zurück (sh. bspw. Seipold, 2008). Da mit zunehmender Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Lernen mit mobilen Medien auch die Anzahl der m-learning Projekte zunimmt, ist MoLeaP als Ressource und Werkzeug für Leute konzipiert, die sich professionell im Bereich der (Medien)Pädagogik, (Medien)Didaktik und Erziehungswissenschaft bewegen und sich für das Thema mobiles Lernen in Theorie und Praxis interessieren, und die ihre Erfahrungen und Projekte mit anderen teilen oder von bereits realisierten Projekten lernen möchten. Mit der Datenbank möchten wir die Möglichkeit eröffnen, systematisch auf m-learning-Praxis zuzugreifen, mit dem Ziel,</p>
<ul>
<li>Erfahrungen, die bei Konzeption und Durchführung von mobile learning Projekten gemacht wurden, ebenso wie die Praxis selbst nachhaltig verfügbar zu machen,</li>
<li>die systematische Erfassung der mobile learning Praxis zu unterstützen,</li>
<li>Synergien zu ermöglichen,</li>
<li>zur Nachhaltigkeit von Innovationen in Lehre, Lernen und Forschung beizutragen und</li>
<li>die Replizierbarkeit von mobile learning Projekten zu ermöglichen</li>
</ul>
<p>Die Macher von MoLeaP hoffen, dass das Potential für den erziehungwissenschafltichen und (medien)pädagogischen Austausch und Wissensaustausch, der innovative Gebrauch von Mobiltechnologien in Lehr-Lern-Kontexten ebenso wie die Unterstützung der Lerner in ihren technologie-bezogenen kulturellen Praktiken (sh. bspw. Pachler et al., 2009) ein Anreiz zur Nutzung von MoLeaP ist.</p>
<p><strong>Mitmachen!</strong></p>
<p>Als Nutzer: Nutzer (users) nutzen die Website und Datenbank, indem sie beispielsweise auf die Suchfunktion zugreifen. Nutzer müssen nicht registriert sein, um die Angebote von MoLeaP zu nutzen.</p>
<p>Als Contributor: Contributors (Mitwirkende) sind Nutzer, die Projekte, Applikationen oder Ressourcen in die Datenbank eintragen. Sobald sich Nutzer registrieren, wird sie zu Contributors und können die Datenbank in ihrem vollen Funktionsumfang nutzen.</p>
<p>Als Partner: Als Partner gehen Sie eine strategische Partnerschaft mit MoLeaP ein, indem Sie beispielsweise Vertriebskanäle verfügbar machen. Als Partner stellen Sie auch Ihr Logo zur Anzeige auf der MoLeaP Website zur Verfügung. Im Gegenzug sind Partner dazu angehalten, das MoLeaP Logo und einige Basisinformationen über das Projekt auf ihrer Website und über andere Vertriebskanäle zu verbreiten.</p>
<p><strong>&#8220;And don&#8217;t forget to bring your mobile&#8221;</strong></p>
<p>&#8220;MoLeaP – Die mobile learning Projektdatenbank&#8221; ist Teil des Projekts &#8220;And don&#8217;t forget to bring your mobile&#8221; – Informing educational target groups about mobile learning opportunities (Projekthalter: Judith Seipold), das von 2008-2010 durch das Centre for Excellence in Work-Based Learning for Education Professionals (WLE Centre) am Institute of Education (IoE), University of London finanziert wird. &#8220;MoLeaP – Die mobile learning Projektdatenbank&#8221; steht außerdem in Verbindung mit der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit der London Mobile Learning Group (LMLG) und ist Teil ihres Webauftritts (<a title="http://www.londonmobilelearning.net" href="http://www.londonmobilelearning.net" target="_blank">www.londonmobilelearning.net</a>).</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><strong>Literatur:</strong></p>
<p>Faux, F., McFarlane, A., Roche, N., &amp; Facer, K. (2006). Handhelds: Learning with handheld technologies: Futurelab Handbook. Bristol: Futurelab.</p>
<p>Kukulska-Hulme, A., Sharples, M., Milrad, M., Arnedillo-Sánchez, I., &amp; Vavoula, G. (2009). Innovation in Mobile Learning: a European Perspective. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1(1), 13-35.</p>
<p>Pachler, N., Bachmair, B., &amp; Cook, J. (2009). Mobile learning: structures, agency, practices. New York: Springer.</p>
<p>Seipold, J. (2008). Mobile phones in school: Selected m-learning projects from Great Britain and the German speaking countries. In T. Hug (Ed.), Media, Knowledge &amp; Education. Exploring new Spaces, Relations and Dynamics in Digital Media Ecologies. Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press &#8211; iup.</p>
</div>

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		<title>A life-style segment of &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;: Using mobile media provides educational opportunities</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2009/03/27/a-life-style-segment-of-at-risk-learners-using-mobile-media-provides-educational-opportunities/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2009/03/27/a-life-style-segment-of-at-risk-learners-using-mobile-media-provides-educational-opportunities/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2009 15:50:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risikolerner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[segmentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sociology]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Excerpts of the following text were published in: &#160; A life-style segment of &#39;At-risk learners&#39;: Using mobile media provides educational opportunities View more presentations from Klaus Rummler &#160; Abstract This presentation will discuss &#8216;At-risk learners&#8217; from the perspective of lifestyle aesthetics and in the gender perspective. Within this theoretical framework &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Excerpts of the following text were published in:</p>

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  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K. (2009). A life-style segment of &ldquo;at-risk learners&rdquo;: Using mobile media provides educational opportunities. In <i>Mobile learning cultures across education, work and leisure. Book of abstracts. Proceedings of the 3rd WLE Mobile Learning Symposium, London, 27th March 2009</i> (pp. 113&ndash;115). Presented at the Mobile learning cultures across education, work and leisure, London: WLE Centre. Retrieved from <a title='A life-style segment of 'at-risk learners': Using mobile media provides educational opportunities' rel='external' href='http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/af47764c113d4b9aa0b7a9b1cacba4f8?l=http://www.londonmobilelearning.net/symposium/downloads/3rd_wle_mlearning_symposium_-_book_of_abstracts_single_page_display.pdf'>http://vg08.met.vgwort.de/na/af47764c113d4b9aa0b7a9b1cacba4f8?l=http://www.londonmobilelearning.net/symposium/downloads/3rd_wle_mlearning_symposium_-_book_of_abstracts_single_page_display.pdf</a></div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div style="width:595px" id="__ss_12223987"> <strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/KlausR/a-lifestyle-segment-of-atrisk-learners-using-mobile-media-provides-educational-opportunities" title="A life-style segment of &#39;At-risk learners&#39;: Using mobile media provides educational opportunities" target="_blank">A life-style segment of &#39;At-risk learners&#39;: Using mobile media provides educational opportunities</a></strong> <object id="__sse12223987" width="595" height="497"><param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=rummlerrisky-consumptionru2009-03-25presentation-120330091741-phpapp02&#038;stripped_title=a-lifestyle-segment-of-atrisk-learners-using-mobile-media-provides-educational-opportunities&#038;userName=KlausR" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><param name="wmode" value="transparent"/><embed name="__sse12223987" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=rummlerrisky-consumptionru2009-03-25presentation-120330091741-phpapp02&#038;stripped_title=a-lifestyle-segment-of-atrisk-learners-using-mobile-media-provides-educational-opportunities&#038;userName=KlausR" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" width="595" height="497"></embed></object>
<div style="padding:5px 0 12px"> View more <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/" target="_blank">presentations</a> from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/KlausR" target="_blank">Klaus Rummler</a> </div>
</p></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em><br />
This presentation will discuss &#8216;At-risk learners&#8217; from the perspective of lifestyle aesthetics and in the gender perspective. Within this theoretical framework usage date on mobile devices such as mobile phones and portable gaming consoles will be presented and used in order to argue that there are certain risks inherent in the life-styles of young people and especially the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217;. These risks are highly ambivalent as the &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; are facing passive risks like social inequality. Despite of that using mobile media is active risky consumption and offers educational opportunities and positive implications for agency.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1. A life-style of &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; who fail in traditional school contexts</h1>
<p>Generally &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; are considered as pupils with certain distance to school, those who have difficulties in school and thus who face difficulties in integrating into society. The distance to school becomes evident e.g. at truancy although this phenomenon is not specific to a certain sociological group. Pupils with handicaps or disabilities are facing very specific challenges in the educational system, but will not be focussed. The results from the PISA studies encourage to focus on pupils with migration backgrounds, pupils from lower socio-economic levels and pupils who do not successfully graduate from compulsory education after year 9 in Germany. The usual educational track in the German speaking countries would be to enter an apprenticeship or vocational training or continue in secondary education. The lack of a secondary general school certificate in most cases prevents this entry requirement to the job market. Within those groups the special focus lies on the boys as the girls are more successful in the educational system and the boys are rather likely to be unemployed after their time of compulsory eduction. These groups of pupils are identifiable within society. Statistics on school graduation and school achievement, census data and data on social segmentation encourage to focus on this group.<br />
In the United Kingdom, China, South Korea and Japan the term NEET is used to grasp the group of young people who are not in education, employment or training. According to UK&#8217;s department for children, schools and families (dcsf.gov.uk) almost one tenth of the “16- to 18-year-olds were NEET at the end of 2007”. (DCSF 2009) For Germany about 8 % of all 16-year-olds do not graduate successfully from compulsory education (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung 2006) and the PISA studies 2001, 2003 and 2006 suggest that about 20% of the 15-year-olds do not meet the basic level 2 of reading, mathematics and natural science competencies. For Germany one should additionally consider that the school system puts pupils &#8216;at-risk&#8217; as it provides three different types and therefore levels of schools in parallel after elementary school. Over 80% of the pupils attend the intermediate school (Realschule) and the grammar school (Gymnasium) whereas the rest attends secondary general school (Hauptschule). (Translation from German Embassy London) The &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; in Germany are closely related to the the problem of the Hauptschule as almost one third of its pupils have migration backgrounds (just one 4th of the grammar school pupils have migration backgrounds) and the majority of this school&#8217;s pupils is male. According to the PISA studies the pupils attending Hauptschule have low socio-economic backgrounds with rather little access to financial resources. Adding to that, the majority of unemployed people in Germany have attended Hauptschule. (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung 2006)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>2. The framework of life-style segmentation unveils educational opportunities for &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; inherent in their mobile media usage patterns</h1>
<p>The presentation will argue that current structures of societies need to be regarded as segmented according to lifestyle (everyday lifestyle aesthetics) as well as according to education, income and social status. This is especially necessary to gain more detailed views on educational (Medienbildung) potentials of digital mobile devices for adolescents.<br />
The group of &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; is not only derived from education data and it is not only a group of individuals who fail in school. It seems as if there is an overarching trend in Europe where a certain group of young people fail in traditional school contexts on the one hand, but are successful in their meaning-making with media and especially with mobile technology. The aim is thus to understand &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; as a holistic life-style, incorporating patterns of media usage, approaches to education and learning as well as general decision taking, value orientation, the visible and audible style of e.g. clothing and music tastes. The approach of social segmentation or social milieus which is mainly used by the marketing industry seems appropriate to cover (a) the socio-economic backgrounds in the sense of a class system and (b) to cover value orientations and general styles or tastes. Two German research institutes (SINUS Sociovision and SIGMA) offer data on social segmentation covering media usage, general consumption and education.<br />
The presented data was drawn from the German market media study Verbraucheranalyse 2008 II Märkte which carries data in respect to the SIGMA Milieus. The information on informal learning of the Precarious Consumers and Hedonists can be found in the studies on the attendance of further education courses by Rudolf Tippelt, professor for educational sciences at the University of Munich. Those studies were conducted in the perspective of the SINUS milieus and are comparable to each other for those two segments and use the same epistemological model. (Barz/ Tippelt 2004, Tippelt et al 2003)<br />
The most significant social segment in relation to adolescent &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; are the Hedonists. They are the greatest youth segment with about one third of all adolescents. It is the mainstream of youth segmentation. Due to the size of this segment there are great intra-segmental differences and the segment differentiates into the youth styles and scenes where these styles and scenes distinct themselves against each others, sometimes quite violently. The main characteristic of this segment is being in opposition to all authorities and mainstream society.<br />
The media usage, leisure time activities and important things in life describe &#8216;at-risk learners&#8217; as a lifestyle that is shaped by precarious consumption and hedonism.<br />
This includes active risk taking and active risky consumption, e.g. spending money for partying, gaming, ringtone subscriptions, mobile phone contracts, etc. Their active risk taking also happens in school by standing actively in opposition to authorities like school, teachers or the teaching content. The active risk taking is in tension with the passive risk not to graduate from school, risking to descend in society by the lack of certified schooling.<br />
Active risk taking and being exposed to risks seems to be an inherent component of adolescence and especially for young Hedonists. These risks might be seen as unpredictable dangers but can also be seen as uncertainties that have relevance for agency and offer educational opportunities as they offer reflexivity and orientation.<br />
The presentation will demonstrate the educational potentials of active risk taking and the passively being at-risk at the example of selected German mobile media usage and consumption data. The most important results and educational potentials are:</p>
<ul>
<li>The great educational potentials for the boys are in the combination of gaming enabled devices and devices that are able to produce media at an adequate and appropriate quality. This does not necessarily involve a mobile phone.</li>
<li>Active risk taking offers spaces for uncertainties where the boys work on educational tasks. These risky spaces also include heavy gaming and recording dubious videos.</li>
<li>Educational institutions outside school like youth clubs can offer the secured space for at-risk learners where these media can be tried, discussed and reflected upon and are actually used by the boys for this purpose. Social research just has not yet taken up on these places.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>2.1 Who are the Precarious Consumers? Their media and leisure time activities</h2>
<p>The Precarious Consumers&#8217; main means for participation is consumption. For them consumption, the purchase e.g. of expensive single media technology means to compensate the lacking access to other cultural resources. Due to the missing financial safety and the high rate of unemployment, this uncontrolled spending of money for goods that promises more proximity to mainstream society, the consumption is per se already risky. The Precarious Consumers are seeking for safety in society, seeking to be a little closer to the mainstream society which shows e.g. in the clothing and music tastes that avoids uncertainties and seeks to be well known. Those are well known fashion brands obviously showing, no matter if they are fake or real. For the music taste that means that international pop music and local pop music is preferred. For the Precarious Consumers it is crucial to buy fashionable and well known brands hoping for the acknowledgement of the others. The risk is not to achieve this acknowledgement, running the risk of descending even more in society and running into even worse financial situations.<br />
The boys within the Precarious Consumers do not own gaming consoles, they do not play online games, buy books or audio books. Very few have personal computers at home and the offline PC usage is just for gaming. Those boys report to use an encyclopaedia on the PC more than once a week. The households do not have internet access and those boys have not used the internet for the last 12 months. Their households do not hold any mp3-players but all of the male Precarious Consumers age 14 to 24 own a mobile phone, all equipped with prepaid cards. Most of these boys (&gt; 90%) use the mobile phone on a daily basis, but 8,4% use the mobile less than once a week. When being asked for the brand of the mobile phone just Philips (8,4%) was named. The other phones were of non specified minor or unimportant brands. Usually the male Precarious Consumers spend 20 to 25 EUR per month or less, all of them read and write SMS texts. Less than 10% take, receive or send photos with or from the mobile phones and less than 10% use the mobile phone as a mp3-player.<br />
All male Precarious Consumers age 14 to 24 name biking as a preferred leisure time activity, presumably because this is their only means of transportation. All do other not further specified sports probably like fitness, bodybuilding, martial arts, although just very few mention playing football, skiing, running or swimming. On the contrary all of them visit sports events like football matches and they like being together with friends. They like listening to music and watching TV, although just very few (less than 10%) mention reading magazines, watching DVDs, visiting POP concerts, eating out, partying or going to pubs or discotheques. Their music preferences concentrates on German and international Pop and Rock music.<br />
All male Precarious Consumers age 14 to 24 mention having many friends, family and partnership, financial independence, having success on the job, being able to afford something, having a save future, being or looking attractive as important things in life. Most of them mention having children, being open for new things, having a fixed job, living in a healthy environment, having a good (job-) education, going on holidays, safety in the home country, living in a nice home or apartment, being sportive and active, eating healthily. Just a few consider self development, having much leisure time, hanging around from time to time, performing well for merit, fun and action, a lot of experiences and good all-round education as important things in life.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>2.2 Who are the Hedonists? Their media and leisure time activities</h2>
<p>The Hedonists are the greatest youth segment with about one third of all adolescents. It is the mainstream of young people. Due to the size of this segment there are great intra-segmental differences and the segment differentiates into the youth styles and scenes where these styles and scenes distinct themselves against each others, sometimes quite violently. The main characteristic of this segment is being in opposition to all authorities and mainstream society. This includes active risk taking and active risky consumption, e.g. spending money for partying, gaming, ring tone subscription and mobile phone contracts, etc.<br />
Their active risk taking also happens in school by standing actively in opposition to the authority school / teachers / teaching content. The active risk taking is in tension with the passive risk not to graduate from school, risking to descend in society by the lack of certified schooling.</p>
<p><strong>Portable Gaming Consoles</strong><br />
The male Hedonists age 14 to 24 are one fifth (20,5%) of the whole German population age 14 to 24. More than 60 % of them own a gaming console whereas about 38,7 % do not own a static or portable gaming console of the following types: Sony Playstation 1, Sony Playstation 2, Sony Playstation 3, Sony PSP (Playstation Portable), Game Boy Advance, Game Cube, N-Gage (Nokia), Nintendo DS, Nintendo Revolution, Nintendo Wii and X-Box 360. Most of those who own one of the above gaming consoles have a second console (1,84 consoles per capita). The Sony PSP (Playstation Portable), Game Boy Advance, N-Gage (Nokia) and Nintendo DS are portable consoles which have a reach amongst this group of 47,6%, meaning that half of the gaming console owners have a portable one. The most interesting portable gaming console devices are the Playstation Portable, where about 33% of these items are held by the 14-24 year old male Hedonists and 42% including the girls. The Nintendo Gameboy Advance, dating 2001, has the widest share of portable gaming consoles. About one fourth of those items are owned by the 14-24 year old male Hedonists.</p>
<p><strong>Computer and Internet</strong><br />
About two thirds have internet access at home whereas about 24% to 18% (decreasing) of the male Hedonists (14-24 years) has not used the internet in the last 12 months. More than two thirds (69,8%) of those who have internet at home have a broadband connection. About a quarter of the male Hedonists who use the internet go elsewhere to get access. (1.587.000 internet users vs. 1.169.000 who have internet access at home). About half of the internet users play games online. About one third has bought at least one book in the past 12 months and about 10% have bought at least one audio book in the past 12 months which is the second highest rate compared to the other social segments. This means that the male Hedonists have quite a high affinity to audio books.<br />
Their preferred computer activities (offline) are gaming, communicating with others, listening / watching and recording audio and video as well as editing audio and video, and using encyclopaedia. About 14% are working on their own homepages. They have the highest rate in watching TV over their personal computer. The male Hedonists&#8217; preferred online activities are communicating with others via instant messengers, chat and email as well as using online communities. They like downloading free music and videos, watching videos, searching information about TV programmes and music. They have the highest rate in using eroticism and sex offers on the internet.</p>
<p><strong>Mobile phones</strong><br />
About half of the male Hedonists own a separate mp3-player. Just 94,2 % of the 14-24 year old male Hedonists own a mobile phone, meaning that still about 6% of them do not own a mobile phone. About two thirds who have a mobile phone, have a prepaid card, one third has a monthly subscription. About 13 % is using the mobile phone just once a week or less often. About half of the 14-24 year old male Hedonists spend 10 to 25 EUR per month for using the mobile phone and about 7% are spending 40 EUR to more than 50 EUR per month. Their most preferred brand is Nokia (36%), second is Sony Ericsson (21%), third is BenQ (12%), fourth is Samsung (10%). Referring to the gaming consoles it should be mentioned that Nokia offers the N-Gage platform which is currently available (2009 Jan 04th) on the top Nokia n-Series devices. The N-Gage as gaming console has the second highest rate for the male Hedonists compared to the other social segments with increasing rate. The preferred mobile applications are besides SMS texting, gaming, making photos / videos and sending them via MMS, surfing on the internet, using the organizer functions, downloading ringtones and wallpapers. They have the highest rate in using the GPS functions.<br />
The male Hedonists&#8217; between 14 to 24 years prefer mostly as leisure time activities (in ranked order): listening to music, being together with friends, watching television, watching DVDs, using the PC and internet, partying, going to the movies / cinema, playing computer / video games, going to discotheques / clubs, swimming, biking, eating out, playing football, going to pubs. Their music preferences concentrate on Hardrock, Heavy Metal and especially Dance and Electronic as well as Hip Hop and Rap. As important issues the male Hedonists between 14 to 24 mention: having many friends, financial independence, having success on the job, being able to afford something, having a save future, fun and action, having a fixed job and a good (job)- education. Many of them mention family and partnership, having a lot of leisure time, being open to new things, performing well for merit, individuality, being attractive, good versatile education, security in the country, living in a nice home / apartment and hanging around from time to time. In contrast these items were just named by a few Precarious Consumers. In contrast to the Precarious Consumers the male Hedonists rather depreciate having children, going on holidays often and eating healthily.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>2.3 Attitudes towards learning</h2>
<p>The Precarious Consumers&#8217; attitude towards formal education is shaped by a low expectation. A strong dichotomy between power and powerlessness is expressed by pointing out and claiming to be the important working class on the one hand, but this is immediately depreciated by the feeling to be underprivileged and being treated unequally anyway. This is then also expressed in a depreciation of their own knowledge. The two social segments at the bottom of the social stratification map show a great distance and objection to social segments with higher education. They strongly distinct themselves from the people who have studied and are generally well educated (Barz 2000; Tippelt et al. 2003; Barz, Tippelt 2004). In general education serves to maintain the current social position (Vester 2006) and there is rather no idea of social climbing or a potential of social mobility upwards by entering higher education.</p>
<p><strong>The Precarious Consummers&#8217; informal learning strategies</strong><br />
They are on the one hand very reluctant towards further education and all forms of formal learning. They have made bad experiences in school and were often unsuccessful with their learning. When they were asked for informal learning all participants stated to have learned informally. They have read text books or specialised books, they read magazines or professional journals. Most important seems to be that they reported having been taught by friends, relatives or colleagues. They either watched them doing things and imitated that successfully or they tried things out by themselves and discussed this with others (Tippelt et al. 2003, pp.116, 124).<br />
Although the Precarious Consumers read books and magazines for information retrieval in the sense of further education they had not had the impression having used media for self directed learning. The percentage of Precarious Consumers who were of the opinion that they had learned self directedly using media amounts just 18% (Pietrass et al. 2005, p 419) which is below average of 28% (Tippelt et al. 2003. p. 155). These statements fit into the picture that the Precarious Consumers often are not aware of having leant informally. One interviewee stressed that he or she never attended a computer course, but instead taught all about computers to him- or herself. Quiz shows on television like Who Wants To Be A Millionaire are also an integral part of their everyday life in order “to keep the brain going”. This strategy is still two fold, on the one hand the Precarious Consumers would not acknowledge this kind of acquisition as informal learning. On the other hand this kind of learning is very broad, general and target directed. The obvious informal strategy to learn about computers is self directed and motivated out of everyday life needs in order to cope with daily situations. These figures relate to a rather work based learning or to informal learning which focuses on education for Precarious Consumers&#8217; professions. Generally the acquisition of competencies is motivated by the Precarious Consumers&#8217; everyday life needs. In their information retrieval they want to learn things to cope with their sometimes troublesome daily life. The Precarious Consumers appreciate the development of values like staying power or self consciousness – generally, strategies to cope with everyday life.<br />
When it comes to learning for or with a certain given field the Precarious Consumers are described as not investing enough self discipline and lacking effectiveness by selective learning. Thereby things that do not promise enough fun, like the purchased Japanese leaning CD, stay untouched (expressed by a German interviewee). This type of selective learning is in line with the Precarious Consumers&#8217; learning for real everyday life situations. Their informal learning focusses on knowledge which has an immediate applicability in their perspective.</p>
<p><strong>The Hedonists&#8217; informal learning strategies</strong><br />
The Hedonists have a strong attitude towards self directed and informal learning. This fits into the picture that they are in opposition to mainstream society and in opposition to authorities like teachers, to institutions like schools and to the content that authorities chose. In this perspective they appreciate the non-authoritative, non-binding, non-committing and unconstrained character of informal learning. The Hedonists state to grow at the requirements of the daily hard life “in prison”, “on the streets” or at an early being-on-one&#8217;s-own. There is a strong influence of the peers, asking the peers, being taught and encouraged by the peers. They try to adopt attitudes of self chosen idols but try to avoid unpleasant consequences, keeping themselves updated and learn self organized in the field of ICT by using online manuals, forums, etc.. The internet is a easy source of information.</p>
<p><em><strong>References</strong></em></p>
<p lang="en-GB">Autorengruppe &#8220;Bildungsberichterstattung&#8221; (Eds.) (2006) <em>Bildung in Deutschland: Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zu Bildung und Migration.</em> Bertelsmann</p>
<p lang="en-GB">Barz, H. &amp; Tippelt, R. (2004): <em>Weiterbildung und soziale Milieus in Deutschland. Praxishandbuch Milieumarketing</em>. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann (DIE spezial, 1).</p>
<p lang="en-GB">Department for Children, Schools and Families: <em>16-18 year olds NEET</em>. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/14-19/index.cfm?go=site.home&amp;sid=42&amp;pid=343&amp;ctype=None&amp;ptype=Contents [2009-02-24]</p>
<p lang="en-GB">German Embassy London: <em>Education</em>. http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/01/Living__and__Working/Education__seite.html [2009-02-24]</p>
<p lang="en-GB">MDS Online: <em>Verbraucheranalyse 2008 II Märkte</em>. Axel Springer AG. Online: http://145.243.189.193/start/mp/start.asp?va.</p>
<p>Pietrass, Manuela; Schmidt, Bernhard; Tippelt, Rudolf (2005): <em>Informelles Lernen und Medienbildung.</em> In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 412‐426.</p>
<p lang="en-GB">Tippelt, R. &amp; Weiland, M. &amp; Panyr, S. &amp; Barz, H. (2003): <em>Weiterbildung, Lebensstil und soziale Lage in einer Metropole</em>. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann (Theorie und Praxis der Weiterbildung)</p>
<p>Vester, Michael (2006): Die ständische Kanalisierung der Bildungschancen: Bildung und soziale Ungleichheit zwischen Boudon und Bourdieu. In: Georg, Werner (Ed.): <em>Soziale Ungleichheit im Bildungssystem: Eine empirisch-theoretische Bestandsaufnahme</em>. Konstanz: UVK-Verl.-Ges. (Theorie und Methode Sozialwissenschaften), pp. 13- 54.</p>

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		<title>Soziale Segmentierung und die Mediennutzung jugendlicher &#8216;Risikolerner&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2008/09/03/soziale-segmentierung-und-die-mediennutzung-jugendlicher-risikolerner/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2008 19:35:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Praxis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tagungen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[at-risk learners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risikolerner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[segmentation]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Die Präsentation und die Aufzeichnung zum Vortrag: Dieses und weitere Referate von Dozierenden und Gastreferenten im Rahmen von internen Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen des Fachbereich Medienbildung bietet die Reihe &#8220;Fachdiskurs Medienbildung&#8221; des Digital Learning/medien-lab der PH Zürich unter http://www.phzh.ch/de/Ueber_uns/medien-lab/Anleitungen__Links/Fachdiskurs_Medienbildung/ Das Video: Die Audioaufzeichnung als mp3: Your browser does not support the audio tag. Die Folien: Soziale &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Die Präsentation und die Aufzeichnung zum Vortrag:</strong> 
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  <div class="csl-entry">Rummler, K. (2008, September 3). <i>Soziale Segmentierung und die Mediennutzung jugendlicher &ldquo;Risikolerner&rdquo;</i>. Presented at the Seminar &ldquo;Mobiles Lernen&rdquo;, P&auml;dagogische Hochschule Z&uuml;rich, Z&uuml;rich. Retrieved from <a title='Soziale Segmentierung und die Mediennutzung jugendlicher 'Risikolerner'' rel='external' href='http://www.phzh.ch/PageFiles/24110/Risikolerner_03Sept2008_final.pdf'>http://www.phzh.ch/PageFiles/24110/Risikolerner_03Sept2008_final.pdf</a></div>
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<p>Dieses und weitere Referate von Dozierenden und Gastreferenten im Rahmen von internen Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen des Fachbereich Medienbildung bietet die Reihe &#8220;Fachdiskurs Medienbildung&#8221; des Digital Learning/medien-lab der PH Zürich unter <a title="Reihe &quot;Fachdiskurs Medienbildung&quot;" href="http://www.phzh.ch/de/Ueber_uns/medien-lab/Anleitungen__Links/Fachdiskurs_Medienbildung/" target="_blank">http://www.phzh.ch/de/Ueber_uns/medien-lab/Anleitungen__Links/Fachdiskurs_Medienbildung/ </a></p>
<p><strong>Das Video:</strong></p>
<p><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/TTp0yA9fkH0" frameborder="0" width="640" height="390"></iframe></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><a href="http://www.phzh.ch/PageFiles/24110/Klaus_Rummler_080903m.mp3"><span style="color: #000000;">Die Audioaufzeichnung als mp3</span></a></strong></span>:</p>
<p><audio width="300" height="32" preload="auto" controls="controls" src="http://www.klaus-rummler.de/files/2008/09/Klaus_Rummler_080903m.ogg"><source src="http://www.phzh.ch/PageFiles/24110/Klaus_Rummler_080903m.mp3" />Your browser does not support the audio tag.</audio></p>
<p><strong>Die Folien:</strong></p>
<div id="__ss_13327493" style="width: 595px;"><strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"><a title="Soziale Segmentierung und die Mediennutzung jugendlicher 'Risikolerner'" href="http://www.slideshare.net/KlausR/soziale-segmentierung-und-die-mediennutzung-jugendlicher-risikolerner" target="_blank">Soziale Segmentierung und die Mediennutzung jugendlicher &#8216;Risikolerner&#8217;</a></strong> <object id="__sse13327493" width="595" height="497" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><param name="src" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=risikolerner03sept2008final-120614124654-phpapp02&amp;rel=0&amp;stripped_title=soziale-segmentierung-und-die-mediennutzung-jugendlicher-risikolerner&amp;userName=KlausR" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed id="__sse13327493" width="595" height="497" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=risikolerner03sept2008final-120614124654-phpapp02&amp;rel=0&amp;stripped_title=soziale-segmentierung-und-die-mediennutzung-jugendlicher-risikolerner&amp;userName=KlausR" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" wmode="transparent" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" /> </object></p>
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		<title>Sozialisationsfunktion des Case-Modding – In der Beziehung von Menschen und Computern verändert sich etwas</title>
		<link>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2005/03/31/sozialisationsfunktion-des-case-modding-in-der-beziehung-von-menschen-und-computern-verandert-sich-etwas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.klaus-rummler.de/2005/03/31/sozialisationsfunktion-des-case-modding-in-der-beziehung-von-menschen-und-computern-verandert-sich-etwas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Mar 2005 22:56:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>klausr</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mobile learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publikationen]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[case-Modding]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Der folgende Text wurde ursprünglich als wissenschaftliche Hausarbeit im März 2005 verfasst und Ende 2012 auf diesem Blog veröffentlicht. Der Text geht der Frage nach, warum zu dieser Zeit die meisten Computer-PCs die ähnliche unbedeutende Farbe „eierschalen-gelb“ hatten. Man erkennt sie sofort, am Arbeitsplatz, in der heimischen Wohnung, im Kinderzimmer, &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Der folgende Text wurde ursprünglich als wissenschaftliche Hausarbeit im März 2005 verfasst und Ende 2012 auf diesem Blog veröffentlicht. Der Text geht der Frage nach, warum zu dieser Zeit die meisten Computer-PCs die ähnliche unbedeutende Farbe „eierschalen-gelb“ hatten.</p>

<p>Man erkennt sie sofort, am Arbeitsplatz, in der heimischen Wohnung, im Kinderzimmer, im Fachgeschäft oder an vielen anderen Plätzen unseres Alltags. Diese weißlich, gelblichen quaderförmigen Kästen, etwa doppelt so groß wie eine Schuhschachtel, mal liegend, mal aufrecht stehend. Von Computern ist hier die Rede. Der normale Computer, den man im Kopf hat, ist meist in diesem weiß-gräulichen gelb, hat untereinander meist sehr ähnliche Abmessungen und die Proportionen des kastenförmigen Gehäuses sind ebenfalls in den meisten Fällen gleich.</p>
<p>Betrachtet man es historisch, angefangen in den frühen Siebzigern mit dem ersten Computern im handlichen Gehäuse, über die ersten PCs der Firmen IBM und Apple. In den Achtzigern gab es dann auch PCs von anderen Herstellern, woraufhin erste Normierungen einzelner Komponenten nötig waren. Nach einigen Jahren der Stagnation in der Entwicklung von Computergehäusen konnte man beobachten, dass Gehäuse von Nutzern auftauchten, die äußerlich stark bearbeitet aussahen. Da gab es plötzlich bunte Farben, Lichter und sogar Fenster ins Innere des Rechners zu sehen. In der historischen Betrachtung und in der Beobachtung des aktuellen Alltags fällt auf, dass der Computer zwei entscheidende Merkmale hat an denen man ihn schon seit langer Zeit erkennen kann: ein quaderförmiger Kasten dessen Proportionen nicht großartig variieren und die Farbe in einem gräulichen bzw. ockerfarbenem Weiß. Warum hat sich diese Farbe über lange Zeit so hartnäckig gehalten und warum ist es gerade diese eher undefinierbare und uneinheitliche Farbe? Die Frage, warum PCs meist weiß-gräulich gelb sind kann erst einmal nicht geklärt werden, aber sie führte zu einem Phänomen, das es zu verfolgen lohnt.</p>
<p>Der folgende Text versucht anhand des Grundmodells von Klaus Hurrelmann den sozialisationstheoretischen Rahmen zum Phänomen Case-Modding zu zeichnen. Mit Hilfe des systemischen Modells zur Beziehung von Menschen zu Medien von Ben Bachmair soll das Phänomen Case-Modding genauer beschrieben werden. Waldemar Vogelgesang liefert dabei Material zum Thema LAN-Parties und beleuchtet dabei die Sozialisationsfunktion dieser Facette der Computernutzung Jugendlicher. Um sich mit Case-Modding zu beschäftigen müssen sich Nutzer immer im Internet bewegen und viel surfen. Dieses beiläufige Stöbern bringt intensive Lernprozesse mit sich, die man dem Thema anfangs nicht zugestehen würde. Über die Hardware des Computers eignen sich Nutzer Expertenwissen v.a. aus dem Internet an, strukturieren darüber Teile ihrer Alltagswelt und bilden soziale Beziehungen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1. In der Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Computern verändert sich etwas</h1>
<p>Wir kennen den gewöhnlichen PC als merkwürdig grauen Kasten, der meist unbeachtet und häufig versteckt unter dem Schreibtisch steht. Die Entwicklung der Form und Größe eines herkömmlichen PCs geschah aus historischer Sicht im Laufe der 1980er und 1990er Jahre und steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Standardisierung hin zum sog. ATX-Format. Die Form des Computers und die Farbe richten sich in erster Linie nach der Funktionalität und Ökonomie der einzelnen Bauteile. Interessant daran ist, dass die Gegenstände in unserem Alltag eher ästhetischen Grundsätzen folgen und uns als designed, durchgestylt und gestaltet erscheinen. Ihnen ist ein gestalterischer Planungsprozess und ein Gestaltungsprozess anzusehen (siehe Abb. 1). Der graue Computerkasten bildet dagegen eher eine ästhetische Wüste oder einen gestalterischen Leerraum (siehe Abb. 2).</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 343px"><img title="TV set" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3123/3192080330_95a41fde3b.jpg" alt="" width="333" height="500" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Abb. 1: Industriell gestaltete, vorgefertigte und</p></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 385px"><img class=" " title="PC case" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3383/3610344262_5b69e40db3.jpg" alt="" width="375" height="500" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Abb. 2: PC Case by Flickr user Pitel</p></div>
<p>Einige junge Menschen haben angefangen diesen Leerraum zu füllen und haben Computer nach ihren Wünschen umgebaut (siehe Titel-Bild dieses Beitrags).</p>
<blockquote><p>„Offene, gestaltbare Technologien wie Internet und Computer haben deshalb auch immer eine jugendkulturelle Grundfarbe. Es geht darum, sich in unernster Weise gesellschaftlich verfügbare Dinge anzueignen und sie zur Kultivierung individueller Stile in den eigenen Alltag einzubauen. […] Bei wachsender Optionalität kann es keine eindeutigen Zwecke mehr geben. Der spielerische Umgang mit Technik wird deshalb zum vorherrschenden Umgangsstil.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Netzkompetenz: just do it – Surfen im Cyberspace als informelle Kontextualisierung`' id='zotpress-a44d0dc9935c89f41a8f424ed579c516' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-TX54EPZI'>(Tully, 2000, 197f)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Claus Tully geht in seinen Arbeiten davon aus, dass es in der Entwicklung einfacher Maschinen hin zu komplexen Computern einen entscheidenden Wandel gab. Maschinen waren früher zweckgebunden. Sie wurden dazu konstruiert eine singuläre Aufgabe zu erfüllen, ob das die Kaffeemühle war oder eine Stanzmaschine. Personal Computer dagegen kann man für viele verschiedene Zwecke benutzen. Der Personal Computer ist nicht konstruiert um eine bestimmte, singuläre Aufgabe zu erfüllen, wie z.B. das Überwachen von Ein- und Ausschaltvorgängen an Lichtschaltern. Diese Eigenschaft des Computers, viele verschiedene Aufgaben und Zwecke erfüllen zu können, nennt Tully „Optionalität“ bzw. „Multioptionalität“.<br />
Den PC könnte man im Gegensatz zur Maschine eher mit Nutzungsmustern beschreiben, wie man am Unterschied zwischen PCs und Notebooks erkennen kann. Im Notebook steckt fast die gleiche Technik wie im PC, sie ist jedoch sehr verkleinert und in einem anderen Gehäuse verpackt. Das Gehäuse beinhaltet sowohl einen Monitor, als auch Lautsprecher und ein Mikrofon. Mit seiner Bauform passt es also in ein Nutzungsmuster, in dem der Rechner auf Reisen benötigt wird, tragbar sein soll bzw. klein und leicht sein soll. Die Nutzer ordnen sich dementsprechend verschiedenen Nutzungsmustern zu, grenzen sich von anderen ab und bilden dabei Stile und Milieus bzw. sie ordnen sich ihnen im Laufe der Sozialisation zu. Kennzeichnend für verschiedene Stile und Milieus ist jeweils ein spezifischer Typ von Erlebnisweise, den Gerhard Schulze als „Erlebnisrationalität“ beschrieb. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Die Erlebnisgesellschaft: Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart`' id='zotpress-8f34c96a9b13745ca882d6a62179b776' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-GNMHBB88'>(Schulze, 1992)</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>2. Das Konzept der Sozialisation nach Klaus Hurrelmann</h1>
<p>Klaus Hurrelmann fasst Sozialisation zusammen, wonach „Sozialisation bezeichnet wird als der Prozess der Entstehung und Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit in wechselseitiger Abhängigkeit von der gesellschaftlich vermittelten sozialen und dinglich-materiellen Umwelt“. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Einführung in die Sozialisationstheorie. Über den Zusammenhang von Sozialstruktur und Persönlichkeit`' id='zotpress-e3fe8e2a44082337fd73af50b45dbf12' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-8IUMUIBI'>(Hurrelmann, 2001, 51)</a> Verkürzt bedeutet das: Sozialisation ist die produktive Verarbeitung von innerer und äußerer Realität, wobei die innere Realität als der Mensch selbst mit seinen Wünschen, Hoffnungen, Erfahrungen und Erlebnissen zu verstehen ist. Äußere Realität ist dabei die Gesamtheit der dinglich-materiellen Welt außerhalb des Individuums, sowie der gesamte soziale Rahmen, in den das Individuum eingebettet ist. Der soziale Bezugsrahmen kann je nach Situation variieren, dies kann die Familie sein, die Peer-Group, die Schulklasse, Stile und Milieus oder das Staatsgefüge. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Einführung in die Sozialisationstheorie. Über den Zusammenhang von Sozialstruktur und Persönlichkeit`' id='zotpress-b48ab06aa46ee4752cc5d01e95d75bcf' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-8IUMUIBI'>(Hurrelmann, 2001)</a></p>
<p>Der Computer im Arbeitszimmer gehört demnach zur äußeren Realität, genauso wie das Fernsehen, die Tageszeitung oder die Lehrerin vor der Schulklasse. Medien wie der Computer haben eine wichtige Rolle im Alltag der Menschen eingenommen, sie sind zu einem Teil des Alltags und der uns umgebenden Welt geworden. Medien stellen, genau wie unsere restliche Umwelt auch, Informationen und Themen zur Verfügung (als Pools von symbolischen Objektivationen), die Subjekte nutzen können, um ihren Alltag aktiv zu gestalten. Die Informationen werden den subjektiven Hintergründen und Bedürfnissen entsprechend von den Subjekten mit Bedeutung versehen, und zwar mit Bedeutung, die für die Lebensbewältigung wichtig und sinnstiftend sind. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Fernsehkultur: Subjektivität in einer Welt bewegter Bilder`' id='zotpress-f57eed224f8a447a54a5c284bd5874ea' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-BZQTV25N'>(Bachmair, 1996, 83ff)</a></p>
<p>Wie bereits beschrieben, hat sich in der Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Computern etwas verändert. Der Computer ist zweifellos ein fester Bestandteil unserer Alltagswelt und erlebt in letzter Zeit phantasievolle Umbauten, Erweiterungen und spielerisch gestalterische Bearbeitungen. Menschen haben begonnen den Computer äußerlich zu verändern, ihn zu bearbeiten, den gestalterischen Leerraum, den der Computer bietet, zu füllen. Sie haben sich dem Computergehäuse angenähert, es sich angeeignet und diesen Teil der äußeren Realität produktiv verarbeitet. Das Ergebnis dieser Verarbeitung ist wiederum die Entäußerung, in der das Computergehäuse mit bunten Lichtern auftaucht. Andersherum hat der Mensch durch seine Aneignung und Entäußerung bzw. in seiner produktiven Verarbeitung dem Computergehäuse Bedeutung verliehen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>3. Funktionszusammenhänge zwischen Menschen und Computer</h1>
<p>Wie bereits dargestellt ist im Computer, in seiner Form und in seiner Hardware ein bestimmtes Verhältnis der Nutzer zu sich, zu ihrer sozialen, dinglichen und kulturellen Welt angelegt. Dieses Verhältnis zum Computer war bisher (vor dem Phänomen des Case-Moddings) vom Satz geprägt: „Never change a running system“. Dies bedeutete, dass man den Computer so nimmt wie er ist, ihn pfleglich behandelt und Soft- und Hardware, wenn sie einmal funktioniert, nicht mehr verändert. Innerhalb heutiger Aneignungs- und Nutzungsmuster ist das nicht mehr so eindeutig. Der Notebooknutzer würde z.B. kaum auf die Idee kommen ein Loch in den Gehäusedeckel zu scheiden um dort eventuell einen zusätzlichen Lüfter einzubauen, der von innen beleuchtet ist. Ebenso an den Stellen, wo der Computer generell in der erwerbstätigen Arbeit eingesetzt wird und in einer Wertschöpfungskette steht, werden die wenigsten Nutzer die Hardware so einschneidend verändern. Jugendliche hingegen nehmen eher das Risiko auf sich, dass der Rechner ein paar Tage ausfällt, weil die selbstgebaute Wasserkühlung ein Leck hatte weshalb nach einem Kurzschluss einige Hardware zerstört wurde, oder weil bestellte Teile noch nicht geliefert wurden.<br />
Daneben waren PCs früher wesentlich teurer als heute. Der hohe Anschaffungspreis legte es nahe möglichst pfleglich mit den Gehäuse umzugehen, ihn staubfrei zu halten und keine Aufkleber anzubringen, die beim entfernen eventuell Spuren hinterlassen könnten. Diese Warnungen wurden möglicherweise von den Eltern eines engagierten jugendlichen Schülers ausgesprochen, die den teuren PC für ihren Sohn oder die Tochter angeschafft haben, damit dieser/diese bitteschön etwas mit dem Computer lerne. Sie hatten möglicherweise die Perspektive, dass ihr Sohn/ ihre Tochter mit dem Computer ein Instrument an die Hand bekommt mit dem er/ sie brav die Lernsoftware durcharbeiten und im Sinne der Lehrer gut lernen. Den teuren PC aus dieser Perspektive und mit den besorgten Eltern im Hintergrund zu verändern, zu zerstören oder ihn gar zu einer lebensgroßen Figur umzubauen, hätte für den Schüler in diesem Zusammenhang eine familiäre Krise ausgelöst. Durch erschwingliche und massenhaft verfügbare Hardware in unterschiedlichsten Variationen ist es auch mit jugendlichem Taschengeld möglich, unabhängig von den Eltern Hardware zu kaufen. Die billige Hardware ist also eine wesentliche Veränderung im Verhältnis der Menschen zum Computer. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Netzkompetenz: just do it – Surfen im Cyberspace als informelle Kontextualisierung`' id='zotpress-16b976750f6adf556fc796097a069a02' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-TX54EPZI'>(Tully, 2000, 192)</a> In diesem Fall wird der Funktionszusammenhang deutlich in dem der Computer steht. Durch die Verfügbarkeit der Hardware können sich Jugendliche den Computer freier und ungezwungener aneignen, ohne zwangsläufig mit ihrer Familie in Konflikte zu geraten.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>4. Systemisches Modell der Beziehung von Menschen zu Medien <a title='Anchor to citation for `Mediensozialisation im Alltag`' id='zotpress-af23b55a1238cafc8a66a86f53e5e6dd' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-GFZMQTVS'>(Bachmair, 2005)</a></h1>
<p>Für Mediensozialisation beschreibt Ben Bachmair auf der Grundlage von Klaus Hurrelmann ein Basismodell der Sozialisation, wonach Medien prägend in die Beziehung der Kinder bzw. Jugendlichen zu sich selber (subjektive Innenwelt), zu anderen (soziale Umwelt), zur Welt der Dinge und Ereignisse (dinglich-materielle Realität) zur Welt der Kultur eingehen. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Mediensozialisation im Alltag`' id='zotpress-af23b55a1238cafc8a66a86f53e5e6dd' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-GFZMQTVS'>(Bachmair, 2005)</a> Ausgehend von diesem Basismodell hat Ben Bachmair das „systemische Modell der Beziehung von Menschen zu Medien“ entwickelt. Dieses Modell der Bedeutungskonstitution als Handlungskern von Mediensozialisation kann man ebenso als Analysemodell zur systematischen Beschreibung dieser Mensch-Medien-Beziehung verwenden. Es besteht aus sechs Punkten bzw. Kategorien, mit denen man das vorliegende Phänomen beschreiben kann.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>4.1 Themen der Menschen (subjektive Sinnperspektive)</h2>
<p>Die subjektive Sinnperspektive der Jugendlichen ist der individuelle Bezugsrahmen vor dem sie Ihren Alltag strukturieren, Dinge bewerten oder wie im hiesigen Fall dem Thema Case-Modding Bedeutung verleihen. Was könnten Themen Jugendlicher sein, die für sie handlungsleitend sind? Die Adoleszenz bringt besondere adaptive Spannungen zwischen Selbstentwurf und Veränderungsdruck mit sich. Die Notwendigkeit, bisherige Selbstdefinitionen drastisch zu verändern und die durch kognitive und emotionale Entwicklungsprozesse gewonnene Fähigkeit zur Selbstreflexion und zur Reorganisation des Selbstkonzepts machen die Besonderheit der Selbstkonzeptentwicklung im Jugendalter aus. In der Adoleszenz treffen viele körperliche, soziale und kognitive Veränderungen zusammen, welche die bisherigen Selbstbilder in Frage stellen. Hinzu kommt, dass in dieser Zeit wichtige Festlegungen getroffen werden müssen wie z.B. die Berufwahl. Das erfordert Selbstwissen über Können, Ziele und Motivationen. Es entsteht also die Notwendigkeit zum systematischen Nachdenken über sich selbst. (Nach den Aufzeichnungen und dem Skript zur Vorlesung &#8220;Psychologie des Selbst&#8221; von Prof. Dr. Ernst-D. Lantermann an der Universität Kassel, Fachbereich: 7 Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Abteilung: Psychologie. Winter 2004/2005)</p>
<blockquote><p>„Jugendliche gelten generell als wichtige Akteure gesellschaftlicher Modernisierung, und wie sich zeigt, benutzen sie Computer gerade nicht einfach zum Rechnen, Schreiben oder Organisieren, sondern bauen dieses moderne Artefakt (ähnlich wie auch Musik, Moden und Mobilität) in identitätsstiftender Absicht in ihren Alltag ein. Jugendlichen geht es um die Ablösung von den primären (Familie, Schule) und die Orientierung hin zu den sekundären Sozialisationsinstanzen (Peers, Partnerschaft, Beruf). In diesen Prozessen der Ablösung und Verselbständigung werden unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Angebote auf ihren identitätsstiftenden Beitrag hin beurteilt (vgl. Ferchoff 1997, Tully 1996), was ebenso für Musikstile wie für technische Artefakte (Fahrzeuge, Computer, Internet etc.) gilt. […] Sie prüfen, was jenseits klarer Zweckhaftigkeit sonst noch mit den Artefakten angefangen werden kann. Offene, gestaltbare Technologen wie Internet und Computer haben deshalb auch immer eine jugendkulturelle Grundfarbe.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Netzkompetenz: just do it – Surfen im Cyberspace als informelle Kontextualisierung`' id='zotpress-80164283f3f0aaa38877ea0df70bb112' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-TX54EPZI'>(Tully, 2000, 196f)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>4.2 Bilder, Figuren, Geschichten von Medien (Angebote, Repräsentation)</h2>
<p>Was ist im Medientext Computer als Kasten unter dem Schreibtisch angelegt? Wenn man die Hardware des Computers als Text versteht, dann sind darin bestimmte Handlungs- und Aneignungsmuster eingeschrieben. Dies könnte in Bezug auf Case-Modding der Leerraum sein, den das graue Gehäuse bietet. Es ist im grau-gelben Gehäuse angelegt, es zu verändern, an zu malen, zu bekleben oder bunte Leuchten ein zu bauen. Daneben versperrt das Gehäuse auch den Blick in das zunächst unbekannte Innere des Computers. Somit ist im Medientext Computergehäuse auch angelegt, es zu öffnen und Fenster zum Hineinsehen einzubauen. Zu diesem Medientext gehört aber auch der modulare Aufbau der Komponenten des PCs. Es ist möglich die Komponenten durch andere auszutauschen, dabei die Performanz zu verändern oder ihn lediglich zeitgemäß aufzurüsten. An dieser Stelle sei wieder auf Claus Tully’s Begriff der Multioptionalität verwiesen, der auch beinhaltet, dass der PC nicht nur zu keinem eindeutigen Zweck bestimmt ist, sondern dass auch die Zusammensetzung des PCs nicht festgelegt ist. Diese einzelnen Komponenten gibt es auf dem Markt massenhaft zu kaufen. Sie kosten relativ wenig Geld und sind im Rahmen des Taschengeldes Jugendlicher erschwinglich.</p>
<p>Zur realen Welt der Hardware gibt es im Internet eine textbasierte Repräsentationsform, in der Produkte beschrieben, beworben, getestet und diskutiert werden. Am Phänomen Case-Modding ist immer wieder auffallend, dass es für diejenigen Menschen, die sich am Case-Modding beteiligen wollen unumgänglich ist im virtuellen Raum Internet nötige Informationen zu besorgen. Das Feld der unterschiedlichen Hardware ist so breit gefächert, dass man im Einzelhandel um die Ecke nur einen minimalen Ausschnitt zu sehen bekommt. Im Internet hingegen bieten unzählige Online-Shops Einzelteile zum Case-Modding an. Diese riesige Flut an Auswahl zu bewältigen kostet zunächst einige Zeit an Beschäftigung. Entscheidend dabei ist, dass es auf der einen Seite den Computer als kastenförmige Hardware mit modularem Aufbau gibt, bei der man handwerkliche Fähigkeiten benötigt (eine sehr handfeste Dimension). Auf der anderen Seite ist mit diesem Gebiet das textbasierte Internet untrennbar verbunden. Hierfür braucht man Fähigkeiten und Strategien zum informellen, spielerischen Lernen anhand von komplexen, diskontinuierlichen Texten.</p>
<p>Als Spuren davon, was Jugendliche sich rund um den Computer und Case-Modding angeeignet haben stehen die Bilder und Reportagen im Internet zu Umbauten von Computern zur Verfügung. Die Entäußerung innerhalb des Sozialisationsprozesses ist letztlich das, was wir als Gegenstand objektiviert sehen können.</p>
<p>Was ist für Jugendliche offensichtlich und steht im Mittelpunkt des Medientextes Computer(-gehäuse)? Für die meisten Computernutzer steht im Mittelpunkt bzw. ist am Medientext Computer sicherlich offensichtlich, dass der PC eine Rechenmaschine ist. Das Gehäuse ist dabei zunächst eher unwesentlich, da darin nur die nach wie vor recht großen Komponenten verpackt sind, die letztlich die Rechenaufgaben bewältigen. Im Mittelpunkt der alltäglichen, „normalen“ Nutzung des PCs steht nicht das Gehäuse oder die Hardware des Rechners, sondern die Software. Nicht der Computer als Hardware wird in diesem Sinne vom Menschen benutzt, sondern eher die Software im Rechner. Die Software wiederum benutzt die Hardware, um Bilder darzustellen, Texte zu generieren, Tabellen zu berechnen, usw. Die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen sind dabei nur die Tastatur, die Maus, der Bildschirm, und sofern angeschlossen, die Lautsprecher.</p>
<p>Nun ist aber die Software für den Otto-Normal-Nutzer nicht veränderbar. Es ist nicht möglich die Microsoft Programme zu zerlegen und neu aufzubauen. Zwar ist es möglich das Erscheinungsbild der Programme leicht zu verändern, doch ändert das die Funktionsweise der Software nicht. Auf der anderen Seite ist es möglich die Hardware zu verändern mit der Folge, dass diese Änderungen nach Außen sichtbar sind und teilweise unwiederbringlich sind (z.B. Fenster in der Seitenwand). Diese Veränderbarkeit steht für Jugendliche wiederum im Vordergrund bzw. bekommt Bedeutung. Hier sei auf Claus Tully verwiesen, der auf die Technikaffinität Jugendlicher und deren spielerischen Umgang mit ihr hinweist. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Netzkompetenz: just do it – Surfen im Cyberspace als informelle Kontextualisierung`' id='zotpress-b20c81db942560c46b268544299e7fd5' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-TX54EPZI'>(Tully, 2000)</a></p>
<p>Was verbirgt sich unter der Oberfläche und steht am Rande eines Medientextes? Unter der Oberfläche der reinen Funktionalität des Rechners steckt beispielsweise der Funktionszusammenhang in den der PC eingebunden ist. Steht dieser PC nicht gerade unter einem Schreibtisch in einem Verwaltungsbüro, sondern im Zimmer eines Jugendlichen, so bekommt der PC häufig eine ganz andere Rolle. Jugendliche befassen sich mit der Hardware des Computers, vergleichen Produkte in Online-Shops und lesen Testberichte. Dass Jugendliche bei diesem im Computer angelegten Nutzungsmuster große Mengen Text rezipieren und dabei etwas lernen erschließt sich dem flüchtigen Betrachter nicht sofort.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>4.3 Situationen der Nutzung von Medien und der Rezeption von Medienangeboten</h2>
<p>Die Computernutzung Jugendlicher ist zum Teil in soziale Arrangements eingebunden wie z.B. LAN-Parties, in Gespräche zwischen den Peers aber auch eingebunden in den häuslichen Rahmen.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Alte und neue Medien unterliegen gleichermaßen einer faszinierenden Dialektik von Gemeinschaftsbildung und Individualisierung. […] Zudem werden sie gerade für Jugendliche verstärkt zum Kristallisationspunkt für Szenen und Fankulturen, verbunden mit eigenen Regeln, Ritualen und Zugehörigkeitsformen&#8221;. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Wie beeinflusst das Netz die Jugendkultur? Das Internet als jugendkulturelle Arena`' id='zotpress-8d0b104c376d5d6775c57e1a1c5065a6' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-HPV73ABI'>(Vogelgesang, 2003)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Die Computernutzung und die Auseinandersetzung mit Case-Modding lebt im Spannungsfeld zwischen Öffentlichkeit (dem Internet) und der individuellen, intimen häuslichen Nutzung. Waldemar Vogelgesang beschreibt ebenfalls, dass die Computernutzung Jugendlicher einerseits von Vernetzung geprägt ist, es daneben aber auch „offline“-Nutzer gibt. Sie nutzen wiederum v.a. private LAN-Parties zum Erfahrungs- und Wissensaustausch.</p>
<p>Die Gruppe wird für die Jugendlichen dabei zu einer Art Wissensdrehscheibe und Sozialisationsagentur in Computer- und Netzfragen, wobei Strategien des Selbermachens und der ständigen Marktbeobachtung eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Hinzu kommt, dass gerade die größeren LAN-Partys und LAN-Events regelrecht zu Showbühnen der Spezialisierungs- und Kompetenzinszenierung werden. <a title='Anchor to citation for `LAN-Partys: Jugendkulturelle Erlebnisräume zwischen Off- und Online`' id='zotpress-5abc2c667a21db753680ac419e0d6eee' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-NXZ3VJC6'>(Vogelgesang, 2003)</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>4.4 Bezugsfeld: Soziale Umgebung (Familie und Gleichaltrige)</h2>
<p>Zum Bezugsfeld der Peers sei auf die Texte von Vogelgesang verwiesen, der die Sozialisationsfunktion der sozialen Vernetzung unter Jugendlichen beschreibt. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Video-Cliquen: Action- Und Horrorvideos Als Kristallisationspunkte Einer Neuen Fankultur`' id='zotpress-12cbeb3c7a42312234a8426035c540a9' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-P4PTK2W8'>(Vogelgesang, 1991)</a><br />
Innerhalb des Bezugsfelds Familie ist es nicht mehr der Familiencomputer der teuer war und nicht verändert werden darf, sondern es ist der eigene Rechner, der vom Taschengeld bezahlt wurde. Evtl. mahnen die Eltern das Taschengeld doch lieber für sinnvollere Dinge auszugeben, als für Fenster im PC-Gehäuse.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>4.5 Bezugsfeld: intertextuelle Welt der Medien</h2>
<p>Die Veränderungen am PC lehnen sich an Spuren aus anderen Medien an. Band-Logos als Ausschnitte im Gehäuse, Manometer (bekannt aus anderen Zusammenhängen) erscheinen auf der Front des Rechners.<br />
Festzuhalten bliebt, dass der Computer mit seiner Hardware in vielen Beziehungen mit dem Internet verbunden ist. Der Computer ist auf der Nutzerseite zentraler Kristallisationspunkt aller Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, die letztlich die Software in Verbindung mit der Hardware bietet. Diese Beziehung legt in sich bereits intertextuelle Bezüge in viele Bereiche des Alltags an. Aus forschungsökonomischen Gründen verzichtet der Autor an dieser Stelle auf eine genaue Beschreibung der intertextuellen Bezüge und Verflechtungen, die das Case-Modding bietet, da dieses Feld für diesen Rahmen zu breit ist.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1>5. Case-Modding: Informelle Lernprozesse bei der Aneignung</h1>
<p>Der Computer als Teil der realen Welt, verflochten in den Sozialisationsprozess. Der Computer als Hardware ist Teil einer realen Alltagswelt, die greifbar ist, die körperlich vermittelt ist und soz. handfest ist. Dem gegenüber steht das Internet als Teil von Software in einem virtuellen Raum. Dabei bietet der Computer den Zugang zur Software und damit zum Internet. In der realen Welt, quasi offline, steht die Computerhardware, die verändert werden soll. Computerhardware ist in den Alltag integriert, sie ist ein fester Bestandteil der häuslichen Umgebung und ist damit auch fester Bestandteil primärer Sozialisation.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>5.1 Im Internet spielerisch lernen</h2>
<p>In der online Welt, im Internet tauschen sich Gleichgesinnte über Erfahrungen mit Case-Modding in Foren aus, spezialisierte Händler verkaufen passende Einzelteile für solche Projekte und auf wieder anderen Websites gibt es Reviews und Hardwaretests zu lesen. Der Prozess der Aneignung von Informationen zum Thema Case-Modding verläuft dabei hauptsächlich textbasiert und ist schulischen Repräsentationsformen des Lernstoffs daher nicht unähnlich.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Ein entscheidendes Merkmal von Online-Communities besteht darin, dass sich aufgrund der Textbasiertheit des überwiegenden Teils des Internet Sozialität im Medium der Schriftlichkeit konstituiert, denn Kommunikation im Internet ist in der Regel Kommunikation in Form geschriebener Sprache, es ist gleichsam elektronische Schriftlichkeit: Kommunikation im Modus der Textlichkeit.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `Zur Konstitution von Subjektivität im Kontext neuer Informationstechnologien`' id='zotpress-3384524688360a68267f433db6de636f' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-8E2V7GA7'>(Marotzki, 2002, 51)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Über solches intrinsisch motiviertes, projektorientiertes und selbst gesteuertes Lernen würden sich Lehrer im Rahmen von schulischem Lernen möglicherweise freuen. Der Umbau eines Computers erfordert sehr viel Beschäftigung mit dem Thema selbst, man muss sich für ein Design des Gehäuses entscheiden, dabei die Wahl der Materialien treffen und schließlich müssen die Einzelteile bestellt und ordentlich eingebaut werden. Nicht zu vergessen die große Frage, ob der PC nach dem Umbau auch funktioniert. Diese Arbeitsprozesse sind immer durch das Internet begleitet. Anhand vieler Bildergalerien kann man über mögliche Designs den eigenen Entwurf konkretisieren. Die Wahl der Materialien und der Einkauf hängen häufig stark vom Geldbeutel ab, also versucht man in recht aufwendigen Suchprozessen im Internet einen möglichst günstigen Händler zu finden. Wenn der Computer dann, wenn er zusammengebaut ist nicht mehr funktioniert, dann bedeutet das zunächst nicht einen Misserfolg. Wiederum im Internet kann man in entsprechenden Foren Themen lesen, die ein ähnliches Problem beschreiben, oder man kann das eigene Problem zur Diskussion stellen. An dieser Stelle setzt eine Art Schleife aus Ausprobieren, Fehlersuche, Konkretisierung am Internet und schließlich Nachbesserung ein.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Bleibt von diesem Aktuellen und Flüchtigen [stöbernden Suchen im Internet, Rummler] etwas in ihm [Nutzer, Rummler] hängen, haben sich also seine inneren Bedingungen &#8211; beispielsweise sein deklaratives und prozedurales Wissen &#8211; überdauernd verändert, hat Lernen im Prozeß der Arbeit beispielsweise in Form inzidentem bzw. funktionalem Lernen (incidental learning) bzw. ,,Lernen en passant&#8221; (Reischmann, 1988) stattgefunden.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `Selbstgesteuertes Lernen - das Survival Kit in der Informationsgesellschaft?`' id='zotpress-c5c46a3f806a1fb065970a0bca685373' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-PVD3KXHB'>(Straka, 2000, 227)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Claus Tully beschreibt, dass die Multioptionalität des Computers informelle, spielerische Lernstrategien notwendig macht. Die Multioptionalität des Computers eröffnet auch die Möglichkeit ihn umzubauen, wobei diese Arbeit ohne spielerisches, informelles und manchmal zielloses Surfen im Internet nicht möglich ist.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Der spielerische Umgang mit Technik wird deshalb zum vorherrschenden Umgangsstil. Surfen beschreibt ein offenes und spielerisches Verhältnis, das zur Welt des Computers eingenommen wird. Die lockere Suche im Internet ist somit keine zufällige, sondern eine notwendige Begleiterscheinung, um auch unter der Bedingung von Dynamik und Vielfalt der Möglichkeiten agieren und reagieren zu können.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Netzkompetenz: just do it – Surfen im Cyberspace als informelle Kontextualisierung`' id='zotpress-c292c38ea5e596e66b0d4403e4fe5377' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-TX54EPZI'>(Tully, 2000, 198)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Beim Stöbern und Suchen laufen also informelle und spielerische Lernprozesse ab. Diese Lernprozesse sind dabei eingebunden in Gruppenaktivitäten, wie das folgende Zitat verdeutlicht. Die PC Hardware spielt die zentrale Rolle, denn jeder Nutzer hat prinzipiell die gleiche Ausrüstung.</p>
<blockquote><p>„&#8221;Wir treffen uns meist am Wochenende bei einem aus unserer Clique. Das ist dann jedes Mal super viel Action, weil jeder seinen eigenen PC mitbringt und wir die Geräte dann gemeinsam vernetzen. Das hat am Anfang total Probleme gemacht, weil man ja Zugriff auf den Rechner der anderen hat. Da waren Abstürze vorprogrammiert&#8221; (Fabian, 16 Jahre).<br />
Immer wieder finden sich in den Interviews Hinweise darauf, welche Herausforderung die Vernetzung der Computer für die Jugendlichen darstellt. Während viele sich vorher um solche technischen Dinge nicht sonderlich gekümmert haben, sind sie nun mehr oder weniger gezwungen, sich auch damit intensiv auseinander zu setzen. Learning by Doing heißt die Devise in der ersten Lernstufe. Jedoch tritt nach und nach an die Stelle des Versuchs-Irrtums-Lernens ein größeres und elaborierteres Wissen über die unterschiedlichen Vernetzungsformen sowie ein ausgeprägtes Interesse an spezifischen Neuerungen im Hard- und Softwarebereich. Die Gruppe wird dabei für die Jugendlichen zu einer Art Wissensdrehscheibe und Sozialisationsagentur in Computer- und Netzfragen, wobei darüber hinaus Strategien des Selbermachens und der ständigen Marktbeobachtung eine wichtige Rolle spielen.“ <a title='Anchor to citation for `LAN-Partys: Jugendkulturelle Erlebnisräume zwischen Off- und Online`' id='zotpress-5abc2c667a21db753680ac419e0d6eee' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-NXZ3VJC6'>(Vogelgesang, 2003)</a></p></blockquote>
<p>Waldemar Vogelgesang beschreibt verkürzt, wie in die Prozesse der Vernetzung unter Jugendlichen an erster Stelle Hardware involviert ist. Jugendliche, nachdem sie ihre PCs auf eine private LAN-Party mitgebracht haben, sie aufgebaut haben, die PCs auf irgendeine Weise miteinander verkabeln. Drahtlose Netzwerke werden dabei nach wie vor ebenso verkabelt. Je größer die Parties werden und je mehr Menschen und Computer daran teilnehmen, umso größer wird der Aufwand, der in die gemeinsame Netzwerktechnik gesteckt wird. Nachdem auf einer solchen Party die Rechner seitens der Hardware „vernetzt“ sind, stellen die Jugendlichen die Software und die jeweiligen Betriebssysteme der Computer auf das neue Netzwerk ein. Bis diese Prozedur reibungslos abläuft haben die Jugendliche endlose Stunden mit Fehlersuche, Konkretisierung im Internet, Lesen von Zeitschriftartikeln und Auseinandersetzungen mit Gleichgesinnten hinter sich. Dabei haben sich in der Gruppe einige als Experten herausgestellt, um die sich andere Nutzer gruppieren und vom Wissen und der Erfahrung der Experten profitieren. Die Struktur dieser Gruppen ähnelt den von Waldemar Vogelgesang Ende der 80er Jahre untersuchten Video-Cliquen. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Jugendliche Video-Cliquen: Action- Und Horrorvideos Als Kristallisationspunkte Einer Neuen Fankultur`' id='zotpress-12cbeb3c7a42312234a8426035c540a9' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-P4PTK2W8'>(Vogelgesang, 1991)</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>5.2 Jugendliche werden zu Experten in Sachen Computer</h2>
<p>Jugendlichen bietet das Thema Case-Modding durch die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Computer, seiner Möglichkeiten und durch das integrierte Handeln und Kommunizieren die Chance zum Experten zu werden. Innerhalb des Handlungs- und Aneignungsmusters Case-Modding wählen und gewichten Jugendliche die Fülle von Angeboten, indem sie sich innerhalb ihrer Bezugsgruppe (Peers, Freunde, Familie) integrierend oder abgrenzend zum Experten machen. Die Fülle an Medien- und Warenangeboten machen Auswahlaktivitäten der Nutzer nötig. Experten sind zwischen Wahlangebot und Nutzern die Instanz, die eine Orientierung innerhalb des Konsumangebots bieten. Durch Experten werden bestimmte Themen reflektiert, kommuniziert und eröffnen dadurch die Kommunikation mit Peers. Dem entsprechend werden Mediennutzer zu Experten von neuen Formen und Handlungsmustern wie dem Case-Modding, wenn sich in unserer Kultur zu diesem Handlungsmuster noch keine gültigen Deutungsmuster durchgesetzt haben. Der Weg zum Experten ist gekennzeichnet von informellen, spielerischen Lernprozessen, die im Alltag teilweise beiläufig oder intentionell ablaufen. Dieser Prozess lässt sich auch mit dem Stichwort „Sozialisation in eigener Regie“ von Heinz Hengst oder dem Konzept der Alltagsmedienkompetenz beschreiben, wonach Kinder und Jugendliche durch ihre alltäglichen Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Medien sind sie grundsätzlich kompetent im Umgang mit Medien sind.<br />
&nbsp;</p>
<h1>6. Computerhardware und ihre Nutzer – Fazits und Ausblick für weitere Studien</h1>
<p>Die eingangs gestellte Frage, warum Rechner eierschalenfarbengelb sind konnte nicht explizit beantwortet werden. Trotzdem gehört diese Farbe zu einer der zentralen Eigenschaften und Konzepten des Computers. Die neutrale Farbe des Computers ist Teil der Multioptionalität des Gerätes und legt in ihm einen gestalterischen Frei- oder Leerraum an. Die Computerhardware ist nicht auf eine spezielle Aufgabe festgelegt, sondern so offen wie möglich angelegt, so dass der Computer so universell einsetzbar ist, wie möglich. Die Computerhardware als Dimension in der realen Welt ist begleitet von vernetzten sozialen Strukturen im Internet. Nutzer, die sich mit speziellen Themen wie dem Verändern der Computerhardware beschäftigen, lernen spielerisch beim Surfen im Internet, immer eingebunden in soziale Strukturen. Zusammenfassend gilt es zunächst drei folgende Fazits festzuhalten:</p>
<ul>
<li>Der zunächst metaphorisch verstandene Begriff des gestalterischen Leer- oder Freiraumes, stellte sich als eine im Konzept Computer angelegte Lücke heraus, an der junge Menschen in ihrer Mediensozialisation einhaken können.</li>
<li>Die Computerhardware eröffnet den Zugang zur vernetzten Welt des Internet und bietet auch die Dimension der sozialen Vernetzung unter den Peers und ist begleitet durch ernst zu nehmende spielerische Lernprozesse.</li>
<li>Die Strukturierung der Peer-Groups erschießt sich dabei über das Konzept, Jugendliche als Experten in Sachen Computer.</li>
</ul>
<p>In Deutschland steht die Frage nach dem Beitrag der Hardware neuer Medien zur Mediensozialisation nicht im Vordergrund. Die zentrale Expertin für dieses Thema, Professorin Shelly Turkle vom Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) arbeitet am Thema „Technology and Self“ (vgl.: <a href="http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/www/" target="_blank">http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/www/</a>) und ist eine der wenigen Wissenschaftlern, die sich mit diesem seit Ende der 80er Jahre Thema beschäftigt. Wohl am intensivsten bearbeitet in Deutschland Claus Tully das Thema des informellen, zufälligen und spielerischen Lernens beim beiläufigen Surfen im Internet, sowie die Relevanz von Technologie und Hardware für Mediennutzer. <a title='Anchor to citation for `Verändertes Lernen in Modernen Technisierten Welten: Organisierter Und Informeller Kompetenzerwerb Jugendlicher`' id='zotpress-d6dd67560d4bbf00ff3b743dbaa169b4' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-AZVDMIWC'>(Tully, 2004)</a> Das Konzept der Alltagsmedienkompetenz <a title='Anchor to citation for `Medienbildung im Spannungsfeld alltäglicher Handlungsmuster und Unterrichtsstrukturen`' id='zotpress-768cc208684d19f708fa778cc251177d' class='zp-ZotpressInText' href='#zp-496-2TP4QFT3'>(Seipold, Rummler, Rasche, 2010)</a>, das innerhalb des Projekts www.Schulmedientauschbörse.de von Ben Bachmair, Julia Rasche, Frauke Textor, Judith Seipold und Klaus Rummler entwickelt wird, beschreibt im Prinzip diese Lernprozesse als Aneignungsprozesse. Es hat den Anschein, als wären es hauptsächlich männliche Nutzer, die ihren Computer umbauen und einen besonderen Bezug zu Technologie und Hardware haben. Weitere Forschungsvorhaben könnten wiederum dieser Vermutung nachgehen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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